European Exploration and Colonization Q&A
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30 Terms
Why did Columbus seek support from monarchs?
Voyages were too expensive to fund alone.
Which rulers sponsored Columbus?
Ferdinand and Isabella.
What was the Bull of Donation (Inter caetera)?
A papal decree supporting Spanish claims.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A 1494 agreement dividing new lands between Spain and Portugal.
Why did Portugal gain Brazil?
Brazil fell on Portugal's side of the treaty line.
Who conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés.
Who conquered the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro.
What was the Northwest Passage?
A hoped-for water route through North America to Asia.
Why did Europeans want the Northwest Passage?
A shorter route to Asian trade.
What was New France?
France's North American colony.
Who founded Quebec in 1608?
Samuel Champlain.
What was New Netherland?
A Dutch colony centered on Manhattan.
How did religion influence colonization?
Catholics and Protestants competed for territory and converts.
How did Bartolomé de Las Casas influence Europe?
He criticized Spanish treatment of Native Americans.
What did Hugo Grotius argue in Mare Liberum?
No nation could own the seas.
Why were European states rivals?
They competed for wealth, territory, and trade.
What role did the Pope play in overseas expansion?
He approved territorial claims.
Why Spain and Portugal accepted the Treaty of Tordesillas?
To avoid conflict.
Why were conquistadors sent to the Americas?
To gain wealth and territory.
What happened to many Native religious artifacts?
They were melted for gold and silver.
What was Jacques Cartier searching for?
A route to Asia.
What river did Cartier explore?
The St. Lawrence River.
Who explored the river later named after him?
Henry Hudson.
Why was Manhattan important to the Dutch?
It became the center of New Netherland.
Why did English Protestants support colonization?
To compete with Catholic Spain.
Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas?
A Spanish missionary who criticized conquistadors.
What is the Black Legend?
The belief that Spain was especially cruel.
Why were exploration books widely published?
Europeans wanted information about new discoveries.
What was Mare Liberum?
A work arguing that oceans should be free to all nations.
What was one major effect of imperial rivalries?
Increased colonization of the Americas.