Comprehensive Chemistry Review: Atomic Structure, Reactions, and Periodic Trends

chemistry

The study of matter and its interactions.

What is a compound?

A substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond.

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

What is a heterogeneous solution?

A mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed.

What does VSEPR stand for?

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion.

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

Only a chemical change creates something new and different.

What are the shapes of the s, p, and d orbitals?

s - spherical, p - dumbbell, d - complex.

What type of reaction is MgCl2 + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + MgBr₂?

Double replacement reaction.

What type of reaction is 2C2H2 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O?

Combustion reaction.

What type of reaction is H2 + O2 → H2O?

Synthesis reaction.

What is the activity series used for?

To predict if a chemical change will happen in a reaction.

What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment discover?

The atom has a small, dense, positive nucleus.

What was Thompson's contribution to the atomic model?

He discovered the electron using the cathode ray tube experiment.

How are atoms identified?

By the number of protons.

What is an isotope?

Elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

How many neutrons does Cl-35 (atomic number 17) have?

18 neutrons.

What is the difference between an electron in the ground state vs. excited state?

Electrons have lower energy in the ground state and higher energy in the excited state.

What is a photon?

A quantum of light.

What is the order of increasing energy for the following sublevels: 2s, 4s, 3d, 3p?

2s, 3p, 4s, 3d.

Who is credited with the arrangement of the modern periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev.

What are valence electrons?

Electrons located in the outermost shell that participate in chemical bonding.

What is electronegativity?

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.

What is the electron configuration for Scandium?

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

What is the highest energy level for Scandium?

4

What is the outermost energy level for Scandium?

4s

What is the noble gas configuration for Phosphorus?

[Ne] 3s² 3p³

What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

MgCl₂

What is the formula for Iron II chloride?

FeCl₂

How many valence electrons does Nitrogen (atomic number 7) have?

5

Does bonding of two elements increase or decrease potential energy?

Decrease the potential energy.

What is unique about the electrons in a metallic bond?

They form a 'sea of electrons'.

What is the formula for Lithium hydroxide?

LiOH

What is the formula for phosphorus pentabromide?

PBr₅

What is the formula for phosphorus tribromide?

PBr₃

What is the formula for sodium sulfate?

Na₂SO₄

What is the formula for sodium carbonate?

Na₂CO₃

What type of compound is molecular?

Covalent.

Which type of compound tends to have a low melting point?

Covalent.

Which type of compound tends to conduct electricity?

Ionic.

In which type of bond has an electron been donated from one to another?

Ionic.

In which type of bond are electrons unequally shared?

Polar Covalent.

Which of the following pairs of elements can be joined by a covalent bond: Na and C, N and C, Mg and C, or Li and Cl?

N and C.

Which of the following pairs can be joined by an ionic bond: S and O, H and O, I and F?

I and F.

What is the molar mass of CO?

28.0 g/mol.

How many moles are in 18 grams of NaCl?

0.31 mol.

How many moles are in 25 grams of H₂O?

1.39 mol.

How many moles are in 13 grams of O₂?

0.41 mol.

What is the Lewis structure for H₂S?

H-S-H (Bent shape).

What is the Lewis structure for NH₃?

H-N-H (Pyramidal shape).

What is the Lewis structure for CBr₄?

Br-C-Br (Tetrahedral shape).

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of barium chloride and potassium sulfate?

BaCl₂ + K₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2KCl (Double replacement).

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of calcium chloride and potassium phosphate?

3CaCl₂ + 2K₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6KCl (Double replacement).

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of sodium metal and iron (III) chloride?

3Na + FeCl₃ → Fe + 3NaCl (Single replacement).

What is the name of the compound BBr₃?

Boron tribromide.

What is the name of the compound CaSO₄?

Calcium sulfate.

What is the name of the compound C₂Br₆?

Dicarbon hexabromide.

What is the name of the compound NaBr?

Sodium bromide.

What is the name of the compound Cr(CO₃)₃?

Chromium (VI) carbonate.

What is the name of the compound Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂?

Calcium acetate.

What is the name of the compound P₂O₅?

Diphosphorus pentoxide.

What is the name of the compound Ag₃P?

Silver phosphide.

What is the name of the compound I₂O?

Iodine dioxide.

What is the name of the compound VO₂?

Vanadium (IV) oxide.

What is the name of the compound FePO₄?

Iron (III) phosphate.

What is the name of the compound K₃N?

Potassium nitride.

What is the name of the compound SO₂?

Sulfur dioxide.

What is the name of the compound CH₄?

Methane.

What is the name of the compound CuOH?

Copper (I) hydroxide.

What is the name of the compound N₂O₃?

Dinitrogen trioxide.

What is the name of the compound Zn(NO₂)₂?

Zinc nitrate.

What is the name of the compound V₂S₃?

Vanadium (III) sulfide.

What is the formula for tetraphosphorus triselenide?

P₄Se₃.

What is the formula for potassium acetate?

KC₂H₃O₂.

What is the formula for silicon dioxide?

SiO₂.

What is the formula for iron (II) phosphide?

Fe₃P₂.

What is the formula for nickel (III) sulfide?

Ni₂S₃.

What is the formula for disilicon hexabromide?

Si₂Br₆.

What is the formula for manganese (II) phosphate?

Mn₃(PO₄)₂.

What is the formula for titanium (IV) nitrate?

Ti(NO₃)₄.

What is the formula for silver acetate?

AgC₂H₃O₂.

What is the formula for diselenium diiodide?

Se₂I₂.

What is the formula for diboron tetrabromide?

B₂Br₄.

What is the formula for copper (I) phosphate?

Cu₃PO₄.

What is the formula for magnesium sulfate heptahydrate?

MgSO₄·7H₂O.

What is the formula for potassium carbonate?

K₂CO₃.

What is the formula for tetrasulfur dinitride?

S₄N₂.

What is the formula for ammonium oxide?

(NH₄)₂O.

What is the formula for phosphorus?

P.

What is the formula for tin (IV) selenide?

SnSe₄.

What is the formula for carbon tetrachloride?

CCl₄.