Regulation of Systems and Homeostasis

Homeostasis

Control of internal environment within a narrow range to maintain a constant, stable internal environment.

Stimulus-response model

The homeostatic pathway from stimulus to bodily response, representing pathways needed to maintain homeostasis.

Receptor

Detects changes in the environment, such as skin or eyes.

Effector

The muscle or gland that gives a response in the stimulus-response model.

Response

Any change in an organism resulting from a stimulus

Positive feedback loop

Response reinforces the change or stimulus, therefore increasing the change.

Negative feedback loop

Response reverses the stimulus, working to return the change to an appropriate narrow range.

Thermoregulation

Regulation of internal body temperature.

Insulin

Pancreas produces this hormone to target the liver to absorb glucose from blood when glucose levels increase

Glucagon

Pancreas secretes these hormones to target the liver to convert glucagon into glucose when glucose levels decrease

Pituitary gland's role in water balance

Stimulates the kidney to reabsorb less water, and more is excreted when water levels are too high.

Hypothalamus's role in water balance

Stimulates the feeling of thirst and stimulates the kidney to reabsorb more water when water levels are too low