INORG CHEM - MIDTERMS (UP TO SODIUM)

Periods

Horizontal Rows

Periods

There are 7 in the periodic table

Periods

Arranged in increasing atomic number

7

How many periods are in the periodic table?

Family/Group

Vertical Rows

Family/Group

Elements in a _______ have similar chemical properties

Representative elements

Group A is called the ________

s and p block

Group A occupies the ________

Transition metal groups

Group B is called the ________

d block

Group B occupies the _________

Inert Gases

Group VIIIA/0 is also known as?

Alkali metals

Group IA is also known as?

Alkaline earth metals

Group IIA is also known as?

Chalcogens

Group VIA is also known as?

Halogens

Group VIIA is also known as?

Coinage metals

Group IB is also known as?

Volatile metals

Group IIB is also known as?

Crystallogens

Group IVA is also known as?

Noble gases

Inert gases are also called?

Pnictogens

Group VA is also known as?

Transition elements

those elements in which a d-orbital is filled partially

Transition Elements

Starts at Group IIIB and ending at Group IIB

Lanthanides and Actinides

There are the inner transition metals

rare earth elements

Lanthanides are also known as?

Protein precipitants

Metallic elements are ________

Protein precipitation

Separation of protein to eliminate inferences or to purify them

Alkali metals

The major exception for protein precipitant in metallic elements

toxic

Being protein precipitant, metals especially heavy metals are ______

amphoteric

equally acidic or basic

Diagonals/Bridge elements

1st member of group is more related to the 2nd member of the adjacent group to the right/ pa diagonal

Ionization Energy/potential

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Metals

lower IP, readily form cations

Nonmetals

higher IP

Electronegativity

attraction of the nucleus for an electron; attract additional electrons to form anions

metals

lower electronegativity, thus electropositive

nonmetals

higher electronegativity especially halogens

Radon

All noble gases except ____ occur in the atmosphere.

Argon, Neon, Krypton and Xenon

are produced from liquid air by fractional distillation.

monoatomic, colorless and odorless

Inert gases are __________,______________and__________

Radon

is recovered from the natural decay products of radium.

He/Helium

Inert gases, except , follows the octet rule.

Helium

2nd lightest gas (low density and solubility)

Helium

chemically inert, does not support combustion

Helium

Toxicity (inhalation): Donald duck-like sound

Helium

Carrier/diluent for medically important gases

helium

Component of artificial gas (80 parts He, 20 parts O2)

Helium

Container: Brown

Neon

Aka: "New"

Neon

Used in advertising

Argon

Most abundant and most widely distributed among all noble gases.

Argon

Aka: "Lazy" •

Argon

By-product of the fractionalization of liquid air for the production of oxygen and nitrogen

Argon

Substitute of nitrogen in providing inert atmosphere

Argon

It is used to prevent the blackening of light bulbs.

Krypton

Aka: "Hidden"

Krypton

Least abundant among noble gases • Have inhalational anesthetic activity.

Krypton

The sparsity of these elements in nature imposes severe limitations on such use.

hydrogen

Inflammable Air

hydrogen

Lightest Element

protium, deuterium, tritium

hydrogen isotopes

protium

The most abundant isotope of hydrogen

deuterium

heavy hydrogen isotope

tritium

a radioactive isotope of hydrogen

Lithium

AKA : Earth

Lithium

Lightest metal

Lithium

Bridge element (resembles Mg, to some extent Ca, more closely than Na)

Lithium

Pharmacological Action: Depressant and Diuretic

Lithium

Non-Pharmacological action: Heat-exchanger in aircons

Lithium

Free metal forms are less reactive with water

Lithium

Burning it forms the normal oxide (Li2O) Lithium oxide

Lithium

Li2CO3 (Lithium carbonate) and Li3PO4 (Lithium phosphate) are slightly water soluble.

Lithium

LiCl (Lithium chloride) is soluble to organic solvents

Lithium

Li has no physiological role and is toxic.

Depressant

Lithium bromide (LiBr) is for?

mania

Lithium carbonate (Li2SO3) (Lithase) is for

Sodium

Aka: "Natrium"

Sodium

Most abundant extracellular cation

Sodium

Used with caution in the treatment of cardiac and renal condition in which edema is a problem.

Sodium

Cation of choice to optimize the pharmaceutical utility of organic medicaments.

Sodium

Na compounds are widely used in pharmacy and medicine (ex. NaCl); sodium salts are selected more frequently due to economic basis.

Sodium acetate (CH3COONa)

Diuretic, urinary and sytemic alkalinizer, antacid

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

baking soda, systemic antacid, carbonating agent

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4)

Aka: "Fleet Enema"

Uses: (a) Cathartic; (b) Source of phosphate ion

Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3)

Water-soluble antioxidant (preservative)

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

Aka: Soda ash (anhydrous form); Trona (dihydrate form); Washing soda, soda crystals or sal soda (decahydrate form).

Uses: (a) Antacid; (b) Source of carbonate ion; (c) Carbonating agent

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Aka: rock salt, table salt, soler salt

Uses: Electrolyte replenisher (to prevent or treat dehydration)

Examples: NSS (0.9% NaCl)

Ringer's Solution - NaCl, KCl, CaCl2

Lactated Ringer's Solution (Hartmann's Solution) - NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Sodium lactate

Uses: Tonicity adjusting agent

Condiment

Preservative

Sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7)

Used as an alkalinizer, buffer, diuretic, expectorant, anticoagulant, sequestering agent in benedicts solution

Ringer's Solution

NaCl, KCl, CaCl2

Lactated Ringer's Solution (Hartmann's Solution)

NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Sodium lactate

Sodium fluoride (NaF)

Uses: Anticariogenic (2% solution)

Sodium iodide (NaI)

Uses: (a) Expectorant; (b) Antifungal; (c) Iodine solubilizer

Sodium lactate

Uses: (a) Antacid; (b) Diuretic

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2)

Treatment of cyanide poisoning, Antioxidant, Used to preserve the red color of meat

Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)

Aka: "Chile Salt Peter"

Use/s: Meat preservative; Vasodilator

Vasolidators

Are medicines that open, also called dilate, blood vessels. It affects the muscles in the walls of the arteries and veins. They prevent the muscles from tightening and the walls from narrowing.

Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)

Aka: "Glauber's salt" - a decahydrate

Use: Cathartic

Sodium tartrate (Na2C4H4O6)

Use: Primary standard for Karl-Fischer reagent for Water content determination

Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN)

Hypotensive agent

Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O

Aka: Hypochlor, Photographer's hypo

Use/s: Treatment of cyanide poisoning with sodium nitrite

Hypochlorite (-OCl)

oxidizing agents