event handler
a block of code that reacts to an event like a button click
event-driven programming
in event-drive programming, the program is activated by events such as button clicks
horizontal arrangement
a component used to display a group of components laid out from left to right
UI components
parts of the user interface such as buttons, labels, etc.
user events
actions by the user such as button clicks
user interface
the part of computer application through which a user interacts with a program
abstracting
abstracting is the process of creating abstractions
abstraction
an abstraction is a general representation of something — of some person or place or event or process. abstractions extracts common features from specific examples in order to generalize concepts. words, symbols, maps, and models are all examples of everyday abstractions
algorithm
an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a particular problem
base
the base of a number system refers to the numbers of distinct digits or symbols used to represent numbers in that system. our decimal system is base-10 because it uses 10 digits, 0 through 9
binary number system
a number system in which all numbers are represented in terms of the 2 binary digits, 0 and 1
bit
short for binary digit
boolean
condition that is either true/false; names after George Boole, an English mathematician
byte
8 bits
computing innovation
includes a program as an integral part of its function; a computing innovation can be physical, non-physical computing software, or non-physical computing concepts; self-driving cars, picture editing software, e-commerce, apps
constant
an abstraction that represents a single thing (the value 5)
control structure
a block of programming statements that controls the flow or behavior of an algorithm
data
the distinct information that is formatted in a special way; data exists in a variety of forms, like text on paper or bytes stored in electronic memory
data abstraction
a general way to access a collection of data
decimal number system
a base-10 system that we use every day, consisting of the symbols 0-9
http
hypertext transfer protocol
if/else
selection or conditional algorithm that allows a program to choose between different actions
input
data sent to a computer for processing by a program and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text
internet
the global public network of independent and autonomous networks that are governed by the internet protocol suite (TCPP/IP)
iteration
another term for repetition
network
group of two or more computers that are linked together
output
the data sent back from the program to the device and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text
overflow error
an error that occurs when the computer attempts to handle a number that is outside of the defined range of values can be represented
procedural abstraction
the practice of organizing and encapsulating algorithms in named procedures that can then be invoked by name (sqrt(x); square root of x)
program
code statements or a sequence of instruction to be executed by a computer to perform a task; software or an app
program function
behavior of a program when it is execute; what the code does when it is run
program purpose
intending to solve or the creative interest being pursued by a program; why the program is being written
protocol
a system of rules that govern the behavior of some system
pseudocode
blend of English and code used to write down an algorithm for a program
repetition
repetition of an algorithm for a specified number of times, or until a true/false condition is met
selection
uses a true or false condition to determine which of two parts of an algorithm is used
sequence
the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the statements are given
software
consists of the programs that control the computer
special purpose computer
a computer with a fixed program (calculator, watch, etc.)
TCP/IP
Transmission control protocol/internet protocol is the suite of protocols that determine the behavior of the internet
variable
names a memory location to hold different values in your program
www
an internet application of interlinked web pages based on the http protocol
www as a higher level of abstraction
burners-lee felt the www brought the internet to a higher level of abstraction
blacklist
a generic term for a list of email addresses of IP addresses for organizations that known to be spammers
browser
a program that displays web pages and is used to navigate the www
character
any symbol that requires one byte of storage
compilation
process of translating the entire source code into a single binary file
computer
machine that processes information under the control of a program
cyberspace
metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by computer systems
data center
physical or critical infrastructures used by enterprises to house computer, server, and networking systems and components for the company’s it needs
data network
telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data
flowchart
visual notation for expressing algorithm
general purpose computer
computer that can run many different programs (smartphone)
hexadecimal number system
base-16 system, conditions of the 16 symbols (0-9, A-f)
high level language
programming language that is human readable and provides the programmer with easy to understand abstractions
IDE
software that provides comprehensive tools for programming such as UI design, code editing, and a way to interpret and run the program
IETF
international engineering task fork develops and oversees open standards such as http and smtp
interpretation
the process of translating source code into machine langue one instruction at a time and immediately executing instruction
logic gate
elementary building block of a digital circuit (AND, OR, and NOT, performing basic digital operations)
machine language
programming language that is directly readable by the computer’s cpu
morre’s law
projection that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits will roughly double every two years since the integrated circuit was invented
octal number system
base-8 system, consisting of the symbols 0-7
open standard
standard that is not owned or controlled by a private entity; stands in contrast to proprietary materials, which are owned or controlled by a private entity
positional number system
the value of a digit in a number depends on its place
social network
social structure made of nodes that are generally individuals or organizations; represents relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers, and other information processing entities
tim berners-less
www inventor
whitelist
generic name for a list of email address or ip addresses that are considered to be spam free
AND gate
circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (ON) only when both of its inputs are TRUE (ON)
chip
informal way of describing an integrated circuit consisting of millions of tiny circuits
CPU
central processing unit; part of the computer’s hardware that interprets and runs the computer program
disk drive
randomly addressable and rewritable storage device
flip flop
digital circuit that has two states, ON or OFF, and can be used to store a 1 or a 0; fundamental unit of computer memory
hardware
electronic and mechanical components that carries out the instructions of a computer program
integrated circuit
a chip, an electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, that integrates billions of tiny transistors and logic gates
motherboard
houses the computer’s main electronic components
NOT gate
circuit with one input and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (ON) when its input is FALSE (OFF)
OR gate
circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (ON) when either or both inputs are TRUE (ON)
processor
shorthand way of referring to a microprocessor or CPU
RAM
random access memory; stores the computers programs and data temporarily while power is on
transistor
semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power; fundamental building blocks of electronic devices