StarGuard 6E Exam Study Guide

what should Lifeguards be aware of all times?

Drowning can happen at any time

What will occupy the majority of a lifeguard's time while on stand?

scanning the water

Are extended breath holding activities allowed? Why or Why Not?

no, guest may begin drowning process/ pass out

what does it mean to observe standard (universal) precautions?

treat all other bodily fluids(except sweat) as infectious

what does RWI stand for?

recreational water illness

what should you know about other people's and body fluids?

Possibility of being contaminate/ hazardous

what should you do if another people's blood and body fluids?

wash w/soap & water; let supervisor/ manager know

How soul bleach solutions be prepared?

1 part bleach to 9 parts water

what is cryptosporidium, and how long does it survive in properly maintained swimming pool water?

it is found in diarrhea > can last up to 11 days

what is the difference between loose and solid stool, and how do they affect a aquatic environment differently?

loose stool spreads in the water faster

what is the difference between distress and drowning?

Distress: head above water can breathe Drowning: mouth/nose covered can't breathe

what organs are at the greatest risk for permanent damage during drowning?

Brain-heart

what happens when a drowning person tries to breathe?

they swallow large amounts of water

what is the correct description of drowning?

3 possible outcomes: non-fatal, fatal, non-fatal w/brain damage

what is the term you would use if the person experienced a drowning incident, but did not die?

non-fatal drowning

how do you determine what is shallow water?

Height of person(lifeguard/guest)

Describe the different areas you may find a drawing person in the water.

surface, just below surface, at the bottom

why might an unresponsive person appear too be moving?

currents/ wave action; glare from sun; splashing; etc.

why is it important to being rescue breathing for an unresponsive drowning person as quickly as possible?

oxygen must be. delivered to stop drowning process

the length of time a person is submerged is the most important prediction of survival, why or why not?

yes, the longer w/o oxygen., the less likely they are to survive

how often should you watch your zone?

constantly w/o any obstructions/ interruptions (including rotation)

What is scanning?

searching the water in a systematic way

how can you tell a responsive person from an unresponsive person apart?

Responsive > still moving (sings of life) unresponsive person > no movement

are lifeguards considered a part of the pre-hospital system?

Yes

After early recognition, what is the next critical link in the chain of survival for an unresponsive drowning person?

Rapid extraction

What are the components of the STAAR aquatic rescue model?

scan, target, asses, alert, rescue(if you don't know, go)

what Is the most important thing to do when calling 9-1-1?

Listen carefully to the dispatcher

What is a good characteristic of a good EAP?

practice using realistic scenarios

what is the objective of using a rescue tube?

Protective barrier between you(lifeguard) & guest

What is the best water entry method, and why is it used?

compact jump

How do you perform the front and Rear rescue techniques?

lock arms out, press into chest, lead to exit/ arms under, head pull to exit.

What are the benefits of the leg-wrap rescue?

it is used to avoid submerging completely underwater/as deep

what should you do following a rescue?

instruct to watch for excessive coughing / other symptoms; see medical if needed

based on current evidence, what is true of someone who has a neck or spine injury?

strapping them to backboard & using HIDs for immobilization of spine is not cerebral spinal.

What are the symptoms of a spinal injury?

Trauma on body; AMS; sharp pain on/near spine/head; fluid Leake ears

What is the purpose of strapping a person to a backboard and placing head immobilization devices(HDIs) for a spinal emergency?

Minimize further spinal injury

What term may be used to describe a person who is experiencing any or all of these symptoms: confusion, slowed thinking, loss of balance, impaired vision?

aterid mente status (AMS)

what is the difference between active and passive spinal motion restriction? how do you provide them?

active-actively restricting spinal motion

you are providing care to a responsive person who has been injured. Blood is streaming out of a large would in the leg. what should you do to control the bleeding?

Apply direct pressure w/ a gauze pad

Someone has fallen and has a sharp pain and swelling in their right leg, and it looks slightly bent, what steps should you take?

Manually stabilize the injured limp

Describe why you would place someone who has a suspected pain medication overdose into the recovery position if they are breathing normally.

maintain/ protect open airway

what is the appropriate response for someone having breathing difficulty and has a history of asthma?

allow them to find a comfortable position

what is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?

an electrical malfunction of the heart

You find someone who has pale and sweaty skin, and feels as if there is a heavy weight on his/her chest. They also are having trouble catching their breath. What should you do?

Contact EMS

How would you treat someone who is experiencing heat related illness

Aggressively cool the body

What is secondary cardiac arrest?

when the heart stops due to lack of oxygen

What is the proper rate for chest compressions?

100-120 beats per minute

how many compressions should be given to a child when there are 2 responders?

15 compressions

what should responders be doing when an AED is analyzing a victim's heart rhythm

Hands off/stand clear of patient

how should you respond when giving care to a person who has foam coming from their nose and mouth?

breathe through the foam

when giving compressions, how should you position your hands, arms and shoulders?

stacked over the guest

what are the characteristics of performing high-equality effective chest compressions?

push hard and fast; 2/3 of the chest cavity allowing complete recoil

what should you do between each chest compression that you give?

Allow chest to fully recoil

How many initial rescue breaths should be given upon contact with an unresponsive drowning victim?

5 breaths adults; 3 breaths (children); 3 puffs(baby/infant)

What does "three points off contact" refer to?

keeping 3 points of contact on leaders/stairs

What sort of actions can take away from a lifeguard's professional image?

leaning on post, leaving slack hanging, not win uniform/ twirling a whistle.

How should you communicate with a person with a disability?

crear them as you would any person

When might an animal be allowed on pool deck?

service animals; not allowed in water

What is zero-depth entry?

Resembles a beach shoreline

how oftener slide and attraction inspectors conducted?

Every day

What is an e-stop?

emergency stop: stops all wave action/current

How are slide dispatch rates determined?

with enough space to prevent collision

What is an SOP and what does it contain?

Standard Operation Procedure - written documents that provide guidance on day to day procedures

What are the most common sources of waterslide injury?

collisions w/ other guests

How often should you give verbal instructions to guests using a waterslide?

every rider, every time

in the event of an unresponsive person in a wave pool, why might extrication times be longer than in a traditional pool?

multiple guests (crowded)/wave action

why might you need to walk or stand while scanning a waterpark attraction?

to see around structures/obstacles

**OXYGEN QUESTIONS**

What type of regulator should be used for an emergency oxygen system?

Fixed flow regulator

what is the purpose of regulator??

regulates flow of oxygen

What are some good safe handling procedures for emergency oxygen systems?

lay down stored away from extreme temperatures, oil, grease

Why must emergency oxygen be stored away from heat, spark, flame, and explosive environments?

oxygen is combustible

When available, why is it beneficial to administer emergency oxygen to a person who is unresponsive due to drowning?

human breaths contain more CO2 than oxygen

what is needed to connect the tubing attached to a BVM or CPR mask to an emergency oxygen system?

inlet port

why should you crack the valve slightly before attaching the regulator?

release foreign matter

what is the difference medial oxygen system and an emergency oxygen system?

medical oxygen needs a prescription

what is the function of the indicator gauge on an emergency oxygen system?

indicates amount of oxygen in tank

What conditions should be avoided when storing an emergency oxygen system?

extreme temperatures