Pathology finals

C. mast cells

Cells involved in anaphylactic reaction in insect venom, drugs, and food

a. Eosinophils
b. Lymphocytes
c. Mast cells
d. Plasma cells

D. lysosomal enzymes

Vasodilation in inflammation is caused by the
following, except

a. prostaglandins

b. NO
c. histamine
d. lysosomal enzymes

C. 3 days

In primary intention healing, granulomatous tissue appears in

a. 6hrs
b. 20 hrs

c. 3 days

d. 1 week

A. Integrins

Which participate in cell to cell adhesion to
extracellular matrix by binding to laminin and fibronectins?

a. integrins
b. osteopontins

c. protease
d. IFN

B. Growth factor induced stimulation

Hyperplasia results from?

a. differentiation of stem cell to another type
b. growth factor induced stimulation
c. increased in intracellular protein
d. loss of intracellular protein

A. Ischemia

Generation of free radicals are found in the
following, except

a. ischemia
b. radiation
c. CCl4 poisoning
d. oxygen toxicity

C. Cell death induced by cytotoxic T cell

Apoptosis occurs in physiologic situation?

a. cell death in tumor
b. cell injury in viral hepatitis
c. cell death induced by cytotoxic T
cell
d. cell death produced by

A. Renal failure

Dystrophic calcification will occur in d ff except?
a. renal failure
b. MI
c. Coagulative necrosis

d. Atheromatous plaque

a. Hypoxic death of Myocardial cells

Liquefaction necrosis is seen in the ff except:

a. Hypoxic death of Myocardial cells

b. Fungal infection

c. Hypoxic death of brain cells

d. Focal Bacterial infections

A. Renal tubule

Suamous metaplastic changes will occur in the ff
epithelium except?
a. renal tubule
b. pancreas

c. trachea

d. bronchi

C. Squamous cells

Common cancer in respiratory tract?

a. pseudostratified columnar
b. simple columnar
c. squamous cells
d. transitional epithelium

A. Enlarged breast during lactation

Physiologic change in pregnancy?
a. enlarged breast during lactation
b. enlarged breast during pregnancy

c. enlarged breast during puberty
d. all of the above

B. Vit C admnistration

Causes of delayed wound healing except in?

a. Steroids
b. Vit C administration
c. Entrance of foreign body

A. PMN

The ff are Chronic inflammatory cell except?
a. PMN
b. Plasma cell

c. eosinophils

d. Lymphocyte

C. Tumor-hard

Incorrect sign of acute inflammation?

a. Rubor - redness
b. Calor - temp
c. Tumor – hard

C. Skinburn blister

Example of serous inflammation?

a. Abscess
b. Apthuous ulcer
c. Skinburn blister
d. Bread and butter pericarditis

A. Leu transmigration across endothelium

Diapedesis is seen in?
a. Leu transmigration across endothelium
b. Migration of lym towards a chemotactic stimulus
c. Adhesion of lymphokines to endothelium
d. All of the above

D. Hypersensitivity

Systemic effects of inflammation except?

a. Fever

b. Acute phase protein

c. leukocytosis

d. Hypersensitivity

Exuberant granulation

What is proud flesh?

TB

Langhan’s giant cell seen in?

b. Tumor

Cardinal sign of inflammation which means "swelling" a. Rubor

b. Tumor

c. Calor
d. Dolor

Barret esophagus

Meaplasia from squamous to columnar type

Fibrinoid necrosis

Special form of necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood vessels

Caseous necrosis

Necrotic area appears as a collection of fragmented or lysed cells and amorphous granular debris

Liquefactive necrosis

Infarct in the brain

Neimann-pick disease

Disease caused by mutations affecting an
enzyme involved in cholesterol trafficking resulting in cholesterol accumulation in multiple organs

Psammoma bodies

Lamellated configurations (morphology of dystrophic calcification)

D. Results from inflammation

This is not characteristic of transudates

a. low protein content
b. low cellular content
c. low spec grav
d. results from inflammation

D. Inherited defects in phagolysosome function

Chediak-Higashi syndrome is characterized by:

a. an acquired leukocyte defect
b. inherited defects in leukocyte adhesion

c. Inherited defects in microbicidal activity

d. Inherited defects in phagolysosome function

D. Chemotaxis

Actions of Histamine include the ff. EXCEPT:

a. Vasodilation
b. Increase capillary permeability

c. Endothelial Activation
d. Chemotaxis

C. Cytokines

These are plasma-derived mediators except:

a. complement

b. Kinin

c. Cytokines

d. proteases

A. Skin burn blisters

Serous inflammation is exemplified by:

a. Skin burn blisters

b. Fibrous Pericarditis

c. duodenal ulcer

d. abscess

B. Tuberculosis

Which is an example of granulomatous inflammation?

a. Bacterial pneumonia

b. Tuberculosis

c. Dengue fever

d. acute appendicitis

B. Proud flesh

Exuberant granulation produces

a. fibrosis

b. Proud flesh

c. keloid
d. wound dehiscence

C. Smooth muscle cells in gastrointestinal wall

One of the ff exhibits hyperplastic change:

a. enlarged bowel

b. enlarged breast during lactation

c. smooth muscle cells in gastrointestinal wall

d. striated muscle cells of skeletal muscles

D. Pathologic hyperplasia

Which of these cellular adaptations serve as a fertile soil for the proliferation of cancer:

a. Physiologic hypertrophy

b. pathologic hypertrophy

c. physiologic hyperplasia

d. pathologic hyperplasia

D. Hypertrophy

The mechanism that involves many signal transduction pathways leading to the induction of a number of genes that stimulate the synthesis of numerous cellular proteins applies to:

a. Atrophy

b. metaplasia

c. Hyperplasia

d. Hypertrophy

B. Ischemia

Stimulus that causes cell injury by reducing cellular oxygen supply is

a. Oxygen toxicity

b. Ischemia

c. Radiation

d. Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning

A. Hypoxic death of myocardial cells

Liquefaction necrosis is seen in the ff except:

a. Hypoxic death of Myocardial cells

b. Fungal infection

c. Hypoxic death of brain cells

d. Focal Bacterial infections

B. death of host cell that have served their purpose

Death by apoptosis is responsible for loss of cells in the following pathologic situations except

a. cell death and viral infections

b. death of host cell that have served their purpose

c. accumulation of misfolded protein cell death in tumors

D. Inhibiting fatty acid oxidation

Hypoxia causes fatty change by:

a. Increasing fatty acid synthesis

b. Increasing fatty acid mobilization

c. decreasing synthesis of apoproteins

d. inhibiting fatty acid oxidation

D. Caisson disease

Formation of gas emboli in the skeletal system leading to multiple ischemic necrotic foci.....
a. Chokes
b. Decompression sickness
c. Bends
d. Caisson disease

B. Laparoscopy

More than 100cc of air, if care is not taken, can be inadvertently introduced during the following except
a. Chest wall injuries
b. Laparoscopy
c. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
d. Obstetric procedures

C. Severe hypersensitivity reaction

Cause of anaphylactic shock
a. Severe fall
b. Severe infection
c. Severe hypersensitivity reaction
d. Severe blood loss

A. Cardiac tamponade

Which of the following diseases due to outflow obstruction may produce cardiogenic shock?
a. Cardiac tamponade
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Ventricular arrhythmias
d. Myocardial infarction

A. Diffuse alveolar damage

Morphologic change of the lung in shock
a. Diffuse alveolar damage
b. Central hemorrhagic necrosis
c. Acute tubular necrosis
d. Coagulation necrosis

B. Peripheral vasodilation and pooling of blood

In septic shock, which of these principal mechanisms leads to widespread deposition of fibrin rich micro thrombi?
a. Activation of cytokine cascade
b. Peripheral vasodilation and pooling of
blood
c. Endothelial injury
d. Disseminated intravascular coagulation

C. Red infarct

Tissues previously congested by sluggish venous outflow produce
a. Septic infarct
b. White infarct
c. Red infarct
d. Anemic infarct

B. liquefactive necrosis

Central nervous system infarction results in
a. Coagulation necrosis
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. Fat necrosis
d. Gangrenous necrosis

C. Abscess

The following conditions may produce
generalized brain edema except
a. Obstruction to brain venous outflow
b. Encephalitis

c. Abscess
d. Hypertensive crises

D. Dislodge thrombus

Most common form of embolus arise from
a. Tumor debris
b. Droplets of fat
c. Bubbles of nitrogen
d. Dislodge thrombus

A. Liver failure

Pulmonary edema can occur in the
following clinical conditions except
a. Liver failure
b. Left sided heart failure
c. Renal failure
d. Acute respiratory distress syndrome

B. Kidney

Edema is most commonly encountered in
the following except
a. Subcutaneous tissue
b. Kidney
c. Brain lungs

C. Warm, flushed skin

In the cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock, the patient presents clinically with the following except
a. Weak, rapid pulse
b. Hypotension
c. Warm, flushed skin
d. Tachypnea

A. Arterial thrombosis

The most common cause of infarction is
a. Arterial thrombosis
b. Torsion of a vessel
c. Local vasospasm
d. Entrapment in a hernia sac

D. Lymphatic obstruction

Which of these disturbed hemodynamic mechanisms is responsible for elephantiasis seen in patients with filariasis?
a. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
b. Increased venous pressure
c. Increased hydrostatic pressure
d. Lymphatic obstruction

B. Hemosiderin

The golden brown appearance of
hematoma before it is resolved is due to
a. Bilirubin
b. Hemosiderin
c. Hemoglobin
d. Biliverdin

A. Coagulation necrosis

The dominant histologic characteristic of infarction
a. Coagulation necrosis
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. Gangrenous necrosis
d. Fat necrosis

C. Increased platelet count

Petechial is associated with the following except

a. Increased intravascular pressure

b. Defective clotting factor
c. Increased platelet count
d. Defective platelet function

A. Arms

Subcutaneous edema occurs commonly in the
following sites except
a. Arms
b. Sacrum
c. Periorbital tissues d. Legs

D. Albumin

Serum protein that is most responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure is
a. Fibrinogen

b. Fibrin
c. Globulin

d. Albumin

B. Aneurysm

These are precursors of cardiac mural thrombi except
a. Arrhythmias
b. Aneurysm
c. Dilated cardiomyopathy
d. Myocardial infarction

B. Amniotic fluid embolism

The presence in maternal pulmonary
microcirculation of squamous cells, lanugo hair, fat and mucin are classic findings of
a. Fat embolism syndrome
b. Amniotic fluid embolism
c. Pulmonary thromboembolism
d. Air embolism

C. Herniation

A dread complication associated with brain
edema
a. Hemorrhage
b. Infarct
c. Herniation
d. Abscess

B. Infarct

An area of ischemic necrosis

a. Abscess
b. Infarct
c. Hemorrhage
d. Thrombosis

C. Deep vein of the leg

Most >95% of pulmonary embolism arise from
thrombi in
a. Aortic lumen
b. Cardiac chamber
c. Deep vein of the leg
d. Heart valves

A. Intracranial pressure

Any disturbance in the following will promote edema except
a. Intracranial pressure
b. Lymphatic flow
c. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
d. Hydrostatic pressure

B. Congestive heart failure

The most common cause of systemic edema
a. Deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity
b. Congestive heart failure

c. Filariasis
d. Renal failure

C. Bilirubin

Patients with extensive hemorrhage occasionally develop jaundice from massive lysis of red blood cells systemic release of
a. Biliverdin
b. Hemosiderin
c. Bilirubin
d. Hemoglobin

C. Bends

Formation of gas bubbles in the skeletal muscles and supporting tissues in and about joints is responsible for
a. Chokes
b. Decompression sickness
c. Bends
d. Caisson disease

C. Stasis

Venous thrombi are formed at site of
a. Turbulence
b. Vasculitis
c. Stasis
d. Endothelial injury

B. Coronary artery

The most common site of arterial thrombi
a. Cerebral artery
b. Coronary artery
c. Popliteal artery
d. Femoral artery

C. Myocarditis

Conditions the predispose to aortic
thrombus include the following except
a. Turbulence
b. Aneurysmal dilation
c. Myocarditis
d. Ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque

A. It is an arterial thrombi

Characteristics of red thrombi except

a. It is an arterial thrombi

b. It almost always has a point of attachment to the vascular wall

c. It is firmer in consistency

d. On transection it reveals vague strands of pale gray fibrin

B. Heart failure

The hemodynamic mechanism of edema due to reduced plasma oncotic pressure occurs in the following conditions except
a. Liver cirrhosis
b. Heart failure
c. Malnutrition
d. Nephrotic syndrome

B. Diameter of vascular lumen

Thrombus formation depends on these 3
main factors except
a. Alterations of blood flow
b. Diameter of vascular lumen
c. Endothelial injury
d. Hypercoagulability of blood

D. Chronic pulmonary congestion

Heart failure cells are commonly seen in

a. Acute hepatic congestion

b. Chronic hepatic congestion

c. Acute pulmonary congestion

d. Chronic pulmonary congestion

B. Septic shock

This results from the spread of microbes from sever localized infection into the bloodstream
a. Neurogenic shock
b. Septic shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Cardiogenic shock

C. Consistency of blood loss

The clinical significance of hemorrhage depends
on the following factors except
a. Site of hemorrhage
b. Volume and rate of blood loss
c. Consistency of blood loss
d. Iron loss

A. Gas emboli

Which of the following are very common incidental findings after vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation and are probably of no clinical consequence?
a. Gas emboli
b. Amniotic fluid emboli
c. Fat and marrow emboli
d. Tumor emboli

D. Hemorrhage and congestion

Which of the combination below acts synergistically to generate ..... hemorrhagic necrosis seen grossly as nutmeg liver?
a. Edema and congestion
b. Hypoperfusion and congestion
c. Hypermia and congestion
d. Hemorrhage and congestion

Leukotrienes

This chemical mediator is a chemotactic agent

C. Exaggeration of contraction

Hand claw deformities may result form
a. Excessive formation of fibroblasts
b. Excessive formation of granulation tissue
c. Exaggeration of contraction
d. Excessive deposition of collagen

A. Remodeling

Synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix is
a. Remodeling
b. Fibrosis
c. Angiogenesis

D. Lung

Alveolar macrophages are found in
a. Lymph node
b. Bone
c. Liver
d. Lung

A. Wound tension

A mechanical factor affecting wound healing
a. Wound tension

b. Sized of wound
c. Type of wound
d. Location of wound

A. Granulation tissue

Hallmark of healing
a. Granulation tissue
b. Wound contraction
c. Scarring
d. Regeneration

B. Day 5

In primary union of wound healing, the
epidermis has achieved.... Thickness by:
a. Day 3
b. Day 5
c. Day 7
d. Day 15

A. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration

Characteristic of chronic inflammation except

a. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration

b. Attempts at repair by connective tissue fibrosis

c. Fibroblasts proliferation

d. Persistent tissue destruction

A. Serous inflammation

Inflammation of the pericardial cavity is a form of

a. Serous inflammation

b. Fibrinous inflammation

c. Suppurative inflammation

d. Ulcer

C. Epitheloid cell

This cell will form multinucleated giant cells

a. Fibroblast

b. Epithelial cell

c. Epithelioid cell

d. Macrophage

C. Histamine

Chemical mediator that cause vasodilation
a. Nitric oxide
b. Leukotriene
c. Histamine
d. Platelet activating factor

C. New small blood vessels and…

Granulation tissue is characterized microscopically by
a. Collagen and fibroblast
b. Fibroblast and fibronectin
c. New small blood vessels and....
d. Young capillaries and ...

A. Abdomen

Contractures prone to develop on the following sites except

a. Abdomen

b. Palms

c. Soles

d. Anterior aspect of the ...

D. Epitheloid cells

Principal cells in chronic granulomatous(?) inflammation

a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. Lymphocytes
d. Epithelioid cells

C. Neutrophils

Compositions of granulomas except
a. Lymphocytes
b. Fibroblasts
c. Neutrophils
d. Epithelioid cells

D. Pus

Purulent exudates consisting leukocytes and
necrotic....
a. Erosion
b. Abscess
c. Ulcer
d. Pus

C. Diapedesis

Transmigration of leukocytes across the vascular endothelium ...
a. Margination
b. Chemotaxis
c. Diapedesis

B. Staphylococcal infection

Which of the following produces suppurative inflammation?
a. Viral infection
b. Staphylococcal infection

D. Has memory

True about adaptive immunity
a. Responses the same
b. Less efficient
c. Non specific
d. Has memory