SAM - 16

What percentage of systemic hypertension cases are secondary?>80%

What is white coat hypertension?Stress-related temporary elevation in BP

What are the 4 major target organs damaged by systemic hypertension?Eyes, brain, heart, kidneys

What ocular damage can systemic hypertension cause?Retinal damage, hemorrhage, detachment, blindness

What cardiac change is associated with systemic hypertension?Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

Why does systemic hypertension cause LV hypertrophy?Increased systemic vascular resistance increases LV workload

What renal changes can systemic hypertension cause?Glomerulosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, proteinuria

How can kidney disease cause systemic hypertension?Kidney disease activates RAAS causing vasoconstriction and fluid retention

What vicious cycle can occur between kidney disease and hypertension?Kidney disease raises BP, which then causes further kidney damage

What is the typical first-line treatment for systemic hypertension in dogs?ARB or ACE inhibitor, especially telmisartan

What is a common first-line treatment for systemic hypertension in cats?Amlodipine

What drug can be added if systemic BP remains high despite initial therapy?Amlodipine

What constitutes a hypertensive emergency in this lecture?>180 mmHg with severe target organ damage

What side of the heart is primarily affected by pulmonary hypertension?Right heart

What is the basic progression of pulmonary hypertension?↑ PVR → ↑ RV workload → RV hypertrophy → right-sided CHF

What are common signs of right-sided CHF?JVD, ascites, edema

How can hypoxia contribute to pulmonary hypertension?Hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and increases PVR

What are important causes of pulmonary hypertension?Lung disease, heartworm disease, pulmonary vascular disease, left heart disease

What is an important diagnostic test for pulmonary hypertension?Echocardiography

What drug did the professor specifically emphasize knowing for pulmonary hypertension?Sildenafil

How does sildenafil work?PDE-5 inhibition causes pulmonary vasodilation and decreases PVR

What is pulmonary thromboembolism?A thrombus that enters and obstructs the pulmonary circulation

Can thoracic radiographs rule out pulmonary thromboembolism?No, radiographs may be normal or nonspecific

How do venous and arterial thrombi differ in treatment?Venous thrombi use anticoagulants, arterial thrombi use antiplatelets

What is an important antiplatelet drug for feline arterial thromboembolism?Clopidogrel