Chapter 4: personality psychology

situationism

belief that behavior is largely driven by the situation, & the personality is unimportant

interpersonal comparisons

of individuals based on specific personality characteristics

normative context

helps to contextualize personality traits within a broader perspective.

fundamental attribution error

believe behavior is importantly influenced by personality rather than the situation

absolute standard

results are compared to an ideal measure of performance

relative standard

performance is compared to other measurements that may change

constructivism

all that does exist are human ideas “constructions” of reality

critical realism

gather all the information that might help determine & decide if the judgment is valid

convergent validation

items of diverse information that converge leads to a confident conclusion

interjudge agreement

degree to which 2 or more people provide similar judgments about a person.

behavioral prediction

degree to which a measurement or judgment can predict the person’s behavior

predictive validity

degree to which one measure can be used to predict another

moderator variable

a variable that affects the relationship between two other variables

weak situation

different people do different things (ex @ a party)

strong situation

social norms restrict what people do