BIO Ch 19, 20

DNA that has wrapped around histones and is in a condensed form following interphase is called ______

Chromosomes

The separation of daughter cells is called ______

Cytokinesis

Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes results in Klinefelter syndrome?

XXY

The most appropriate form of cell division for repairing an injured tissue is ____

Mitosis

Oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis in_____

the number of functional gametes produced

A process in which a sister chromatid inherited from the mother and a sister chromatid inherited from the mother and a sister chromatid inherited from the father pair up and from tetrads and exchange DNA to form genetically diverse gametes is called ______

crossing over

In which phase of meiosis I do homologues separate

Anaphase I

Polar bodies are unique products of _____

Oogenesis

The exchange of genetic material during crossing over causes which of the following

Genetic Variation

Human cells that have completed telophase I will each contain ____ chromosomes, which will be in a(n) _____ form

23; replicated

Children born with Down syndrome have inherited an extra chromosome, so their diploid number is 47 rather than 46 chromosomes. What is this genetic condition called?

triploid

In which stage of mitosis does exchange of genetic material between chromosomes (crossing over) occur

None of the above

Nondisjunction could occur during _____

Anaphase II

In which phase do the following events occur: the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane disintegrates, and the centrioles migrate to the poles as spindle fibers are organized?

Prophase

If a cell begins mitoses with 36 chromosomes, there will be ____ chromosomes in each cell after mitosis, and each daughter cell will be _____ genetically

36; identical

A process that is part of the cell cycle and parcels out the duplicated copies of genetic material of cell division in eukaryotes is called ______

mitosis

Cancer is associated with problems related to the regulation of _______

Mitosis

A cell with diploid number of 24 fails to undergo cytokinesis while performing mitosis, so the daughter cells do not form. How many chromosomes will be in the resulting cell?

48

An entire cell cycle can be completed in about ______

24 hours

Which of the following phases of mitosis is not matched with the appropriate activities that occur during that phase

anaphase: homologous pairs separate

Specific segments of DNA that are the functional units of inheritance are called _____

Genes

Albinism is due to the inability to make _____

Melanin

Mary died suddenly of an aortic aneurysm (the sudden bursting of one of the body’s largest blood vessels). Which of the following conditions should her children worry most about?

Marfan Syndrome

Someone who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic illness is said to be ____

a carrier

In which condition are both alleles expressed in the heterozygous phenotype

Codominance

Which of the following is a condition caused by a sex-linked inheritance in which a male child will bleed extensively because he lacks the physiological properties to form a blood clot?

Hemophilia

A pedigree is useful because it ______

can help predict the chances of an offspring displaying a particular trait

Paul was an orphan found wandering a city street when he was 2 years old. At age 52, he began to experience muscle spasms and was having difficulty walking. Which of the following genetic disorders is most probable?

Huntington’s disease

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is partly hereditary and, if uncontrolled, can lead to kidney disease and heart failure and an increased risk of stroke and blindness. From this information alone, you could say that DM2 is an example of ___.

Pleiotropy

The gene for Tay-Sachs disease codes for a nonfunctional form of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (or Hex A). It has been found that a person with only one-third the maximum amount of Hex A can function absolutely normally. Please characterize the heredity of Tay-Sachs disease.

Recessive

If Hani has type A blood and his mother has type B blood, which the following us most likely genotype of Hani’s father?

IAIA

Favism is a disease in which a person cannot tolerate a certain type of bean. It is caused by an X-linked, recessive gene. If Joe has it, which statement would be true.

His daughters will carry it

Babies were accidentally switched at the hospital Mr. and Mrs. Fire both have type O blood. Which is the following four babies of the same age is most likely the Fire child

Baby with type O

In a family, both parents have freckles and widows peak. Both of these traits are dominant: F = freckles. W = Widows peak. They have a child who has no windows peal and no freckles. Which one is possible dihybrid genotype of the child?

ffww

In a family, both parents have freckles and widow's peak. Both of these traits are dominant: F = freckles, W = widow's peak. What is the correct phenotypic ratio of the next generation if the parents were heterozygous? The order of the genotypes is: freckled with widow's peak; freckled, straight hairline; no freckles with widow's peak; no freckles, straight hairline.

9:3:3:1

Which genetic condition can be described as the inheritance of the heterozygous phenotype, which is expressed as an intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles?

Incomplete Dominance

When one gene causes multiple effects, the condition is called ______.

Pleiotropy

If two chromosomes have the same genes for the same trait, they are said to be ____.

Homologues

Adel has freckles, autosomal dominant. What is her genotype?

Can’t say for certain; it could be FF or Ff

Albinism is an example of _____

an autosomal recessive disease

Which of the following is a process in translation in which tRNA molecules deliver amino acids in the correct sequence, causing peptide bonds to form and increasing the length of the polypeptide chain?

elongation

The base sequences that are left behind after the introns have been spliced out by enzymes are the ________.

exons

Which of the following is the signal that functions to begin transcription and consists of a sequence on the DNA?

promoter

The following is a part of a gene sequence: ATCAGC. What would be the resulting product of transcription?

UAGUCG

The extra sequences of nucleotides that are excised out of the mRNA prior to leaving the nucleus are called ________.

introns

Which of the following uses patterns of STR fragments that have been cut by restriction enzymes and sorted by size?

DNA fingerprinting

Which chemical carries the DNA's instructions for synthesizing a particular protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

messenger RNA

Which process converts the nucleotide language of mRNA into the amino acid language of a protein?

translation

Why do transcription and translation take place in two different locations?

DNA is located in the nucleus, whereas the ribosomes needed for translation are not in the nucleus.

If there are 64 potential codons that code for various amino acids but only about 20 specific amino acids, what must be true about the genetic code?

Multiple codons code for the same amino acid.

DNA fingerprinting is now widely used to tie a particular suspect to the DNA samples found at a crime scene. What benefits can be derived from this technology in fighting crime?

All of the above are true

The genetic code works only because each codon is read in a specific manner that results in the correct amino acid being placed in that particular spot. What physically places each amino acid by matching up the correct codon?

 

tRNA

The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressing gene that prevents damaged cells from undergoing cell division. If this gene ceases to function due to a mutation, what will happen to the cell?

Uncontrolled cell division will occur.

A new antibiotic is developed that interferes with the way tRNA fits into bacterial ribosomes. How would this kill the bacteria?

The bacteria would be unable to produce necessary enzymes to carry out basic metabolism.

Which of the following brings tRNA with an amino acid close enough to mRNA to permit interaction and the assembly of amino acids to form a protein?

ribosome

A chemical that delivers amino acids one at a time in the ordered sequence specified by the mRNA strand is called ________.

 

tRNA

The process of using each strand of a DNA molecule as a template to form a new strand is called ________.

semiconservative replication

If a mutation occurred in this area, it would not directly change the specific placement of an amino acid in the resulting polypeptide.

intron

In which part of the molecule does tRNA pair with mRNA?

anticodon