Sociological Research Methods and Concepts

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary terms and concepts related to sociological research methods and theories.

Literature Review

A comprehensive overview of previous research related to a specific topic, incorporating various sources.

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation based on limited evidence, serving as a starting point for further investigation.

Research Methodology

The systematic approach to collecting and analyzing data for a research project.

Qualitative Research

Research that focuses on understanding human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior.

Quantitative Research

Research that uses numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, or phenomena.

Mean

The average of a group of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum by the count of values.

Median

The middle value in a list of numbers, which divides the data set into two equal halves.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

Participant Observation

A research method where the researcher immerses themselves in the environment of their subjects to observe behaviors.

Case Study

An in-depth examination of a single instance or event within its real-life context.

Secondary Analysis

The analysis of data collected by other researchers or sources.

Ethical Considerations

Guidelines that help researchers conduct their work in a morally acceptable way, particularly when working with sensitive populations.

IRB (Institutional Review Board)

A committee that reviews and approves research involving human subjects to ensure ethical standards are met.

Social Stratification

The hierarchical arrangement of individuals within society based on wealth, power, or social status.

Caste System

A social stratification system where social status is assigned at birth and is lifelong.

Endogamy

The practice of marrying within one's own social, cultural, or ethnic group.

Global Superclass

A term referring to the wealthiest individuals globally who hold significant power and influence.

Controversy in Research

Debates concerning the ethical implications and consequences of conducting sociological research.

Open-ended Questions

Questions that allow for a variety of responses and encourage detailed answers.

Close-ended Questions

Questions with predetermined answers, usually requiring a simple

surveys

Research tools used to collect data from a specific group of people, often through questionnaires.

Data Analysis

The process of systematically applying statistical and logical techniques to evaluate data.