Chapter 4 Infection Control

Which of the following is designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in health care facilities?

A) Standard Precautions

B) reverse isolation

C) droplet precautions

D) protective environment

A

Which of the following organizations oversees the investigation and control of various diseases, especially those that are communicable?

A) The Joint Commission

B) JCAHO

C) CDC

D) CLIA

C

Which of the following is an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor that requires employers to provide measures that will protect workers exposed to biological hazards?

A) The Joint Commission

B) OSHA

C) CLSI

D) CLIA

B

If an accident such as a needlestick occurs, the injured health care worker should immediately:

A) contact his or her immediate supervisor

B) fill out the necessary health care forms

C) cleanse the area with isopropyl alcohol and apply an adhesive bandage

D) take the needle back to the clinical laboratory for verification of the accident

C

About how many patients acquire a nosocomial infection annually?

A) 1 to 1.5 million

B) 1.75 to 3 million

C) 4 to 5.5 million

D) 6 to 7.2 million

B

Which of the following is a commonly identified pathogenic agent that affects the skin?

A) Shigella sp.

B) Clostridium difficile

C) Vibrio cholerae

D) Herpes virus

D

Which of the following would require contact precautions?

A) scabies

B) scarlet fever

C) rubella

D) tuberculosis

A

Which of the following would require airborne precautions?

A) rubella

B) hepatitis A

C) measles

D) scabies

C

Which of the following is a commonly identified causative agent of nosocomial infections in the nursery unit?

A) Escherichia coli

B) Haemophilus vaginalis

C) Shigella

D) Vibrio cholerae

A

Reverse isolation is commonly used for patients who have:

A) Vibrio cholerae

B) immunodeficiency disorders

C) hepatitis A

D) whooping cough

B

Which of the following is a commonly identified pathogenic microorganism that causes health care-associated skin infections?

A) Candida albicans

B) Haemophilus influenzae

C) Haemophilus vaginalis

D) Moraxella lacunata

A

Antiseptics for skin include:

A) hypochlorite solution

B) formaldehyde

C) iodine

D) ethylene oxide

C

Which of the following chemicals should be used to disinfect tourniquets and items contaminated with blood?

A) 70 percent isopropyl

B) 1:10 dilution of chlorine bleach

C) hydrogen peroxide

D) iodophors

B

The HICPAC transmission-based precautions include:

A) airborne, droplet, and contact

B) airborne, respiratory, and contact

C) enteric, contact, and respiratory

D) complete, droplet, and airborne

A

Which of the following chemical compounds is an antiseptic for skin?

A) 1 percent phenol

B) hexylresorcinol

C) ethylene oxide

D) chlorophenol

B

Which of the following is the proper sequence for removal of isolation apparel after blood collection in an isolation room?

A) gloves, mask, gown

B) goggles, gown, gloves

C) mask, goggles, gloves

D) gloves, gown, mask

D

In the "chain of infection," the reservoir is:

A) the pathogen

B) the patient who is carrying the pathogen

C) the patient who is exposed to the pathogen

D) the invasive bacteria

B

In health care facilities, which of the following is a typical fomite?

A) laboratory coat

B) 70% isopropyl alcohol

C) hexachlorophene

D) iodine for blood culture collection

A

Which of the following is the most important procedure in the prevention of disease transmission in health care institutions?

A) use of appropriate waste disposal practices

B) use of personal protective equipment

C) handwashing

D) reporting personal illnesses to supervisor

C

In the process of preparing to enter a patient's isolation room, which of the following would occur first?

A) donning gloves

B) untying gown at the neck

C) discarding mask

D) donning mask

D

Which of the following is a factor that increases a host's susceptibility in the chain of infection?

A) drug use

B) an immunization

C) use of disposable equipment

D) proper nutrition

A

Which of the following is a vector in transmitting infectious diseases?

A) age

B) mites

C) rabies

D) Salmonella

B

Babies whose mothers have which of the following problems must be isolated from other infants?

A) cancer

B) genital herpes

C) kidney failure and are in a dialysis unit

D) burns

B

A health care-acquired infection occurs when:

A) a source is detected

B) the chain of infection is complete

C) a means of transmission is maintained by disinfectants

D) a susceptible host remains stable

B

Disinfectants are:

A) quaternary ammonium compounds

B) chemicals that are used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms

C) used frequently on skin for removal of microorganisms

D) chemicals that are used to inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms but do not necessarily kill them

B

True or False

MRSA represents methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

True

True or False

A major factor that affects a host's susceptibility in the chain of infection is age

True

True or False

A flu vaccination is an example of a fomite.

False

True or False

Infection control programs aim to link the infection chain

false

True or False

A mite is an example of a vector

True

True or False

Diphtheria requires droplet precautions

false

True or False

Measles requires airborne precautions

True

True or False

A respirator is an example of PPE

true

True or False

OSHA requires health care workers to wear gloves when working with blood specimens

true

True or False

Removing the gloves is the final step in the complete procedure for removal of isolation PPE

False

________ precautions are used for scabies infections

contact

A patient with an active TB infection is placed in a hospital room with ________ air pressure.

negative

Droplet precautions are used for large-particle droplets, which are larger than ________ microns, from an infected person.

5

The ________ of transmission for the pathogen to pass directly from the source to the host is part of the chain of infection.

mode

For the chain of infection to occur, a ________ must be present.

pathogen

________ infections occur when the chain of infection is complete.

Nosocomial

A doorknob is considered a ________ in health care facilities since it can harbor infectious agents and transmit infections

fomite

Standard precautions have been designed through the ________ to decrease the risk of transmission of microorganisms.

CDC

________ precautions reduce the spread of infections from agents such as rubeola.

Airborne

Chemical compounds that are used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms are called ________.

disinfectants