The Gross 2 Test 2 ULTIMATE REVIEW
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184 Terms
The adam's apple is another name for the?
laryngeal prominence
What connects the thyroid cartilage and epiglottis and is spring loaded?
thyroepiglottic ligament
What muscel connects to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage?
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
The cuneiform cartilages may be found in the following structure?
aryepiglottic fold
The superior margin of the quadrangular membrane is formed by the?
aryepiglottic ligament
What muscle lowers the pitch of the voice?
thyroarytenoid muscle
What muscles are active when coughing or sneezing?
oblique/transverse arytenoid muscles
What muscle raises the pitch of the voice?
cricothyroid
What muscle is used to whisper?
lateral cricothyroid
What lymph node drains the palatine tonsils?
jugulodigastric node
The mammary gland is a modified ________________?
sudoriferous gland
The thoracic inlet is the?
superior thoracic aperture
What artery accompanies the phrenic nerve to supply the pleura, diaphragm and pericardium?
pericardiophrenic artery
The SVC is in what mediastinum?
superior
The thymus is in what mediastinum?
anterior
The heart is in what mediastinum?
middle
The main bronchi is in what mediastinum?
middle
The esophagus is in what mediastinum?
posterior
The thoracic duct is in what mediastinum?
superior, posterior
The splanchnic nerves are in what mediastinum?
posterior
The brachiocephalic veins are in what mediastinum?
superior
The sternopericardial ligaments are in what mediastinum?
anterior
The trachea lies ___________ to the esophagus?
anterior
The trachea lies _____________ to the arch of the aorta?
posterior
Aspirated objects tend to lodge in the?
right bronchus
What is on the superior aspect of the hilum?
pulmonary arteries
The lingula is on the?
left lung
What is the tissue of the trachea?
cartilaginous rings
Whats the tissue of the main bronchi?
cartilaginous rings
What is the tissue of the lobar bronchi?
cartilaginous plates
What is the tissue of the segmental bronchi?
smooth muscle
What is the tissue of bronchioles?
smooth muscle
What is the secondary method of clearing the lungs?
lymphatic drainage
What are the 3 points of origin of the diaphragm?
sternal, costal and thoracic
The caval opening (T8) transmits the IVC and the?
phrenic nerve
The aortic hiatus (T12) transmits the aorta and the?
thoracic duct, azygos vein
The esophageal hiatus (T10) TRANSMITS THE ESOPHAGUS AND THE?
ant/post vagal trunks
A hiatal hernia happens after what age?
50
What movement increases S-I diameter?
piston movement
What movement increases A-P diameter?
pump handle movement
What movement increases transverse diameter?
bucket handle movement
pericardial pain is felt where?
posterior sternum
What valves are semilunar valves?
pulmonary and aortic
What valve has anterior, left and right cusps?
pulmonary valve
What valve has posterior, left and right cusps?
aortic valve
The base of the heart is formed by the?
L and R atria
The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed by?
right ventricle
The diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed by the?
right and left ventricles
The left pulmonary surface is formed by the?
left ventricle
The right pulmonary surface is formed by the
right atrium
pectinate muscles are most prominent in the?
right atrium
What vein has no valve?
superior vena cava
chordae tendinae ______________ eversion of the valve during ventricular contraction?
prevents
There are ___ pulmonary veins?
4
There are ____ pulmonary arteries?
2
What are the thickenings on the ends of cusps?
nodules
What are the thin crescent parts of the cusp?
lunules
What is the order of action potential in the heart?
SA node------>atrial wall----->AV node----->AV bundle and branches------>subendochondrial plexus------>myocardium of ventricles
What are the fibrous rings that form the foundation of each valve?
anuli
What supplies the: conduction system, posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum, diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle, right ventricle and right atrium?
right coronary artery
What supplies the anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum, most of left ventricle, left atrium and part of the right ventricle?
left coronary artery
The ________ coronary artery supplies a greater portion of the hearts tissue?
left
The right coronary artery anastomizes with the?
circumflex artery
The great cardiac vein accompanies the?
anterior interventricular artery
The middle cardiac vein accompanies the?
posterior interventricular artery
The small cardiac vein accompanies the?
right marginal artery
What vertebral levels contribute to sympathetic innervation to the heart?
T1-T4
The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of what structure?
ductus arteriosus
The cricopharyngeus is another name for the?
superior esophageal sphincter
The thoracic aorta begins at what level?
T4
The vagus nerve passes ___________ to the root of the lung?
posterior
The vagus nerve gives motor to the?
muscles of pharynx and larynx only
The vagus nerve gives sensory fibers to the?
thoracic and abdominal viscera
The vagus nerve gives parasympathetic fibers to the?
thoracic and abdominal viscera
Gray rami communicantes contain ____________________________ SYMPATHETIC fibers?
postganglionic
White rami communicantes contain _________________ SYMPATHETIC fibers?
preganglionic
What is the variation which arises from C5 and is a branch of the nerve to subclavius?
accessory phrenic nerve
What represents the strongest part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
fibrous trigones
What is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity?
rima glottidis
What part of the breast is the most common site for cancer?
axillary tail
The groove for the azygos, esophagus, right brachiocephalic vein and SVC are on which lung?
right lung
The groove for the aorta and left subclavian artery and lingula is on which lung?
left lung
What chamber of the heart is the thinnest?
right atrium
majority of lymph from the breast is drained to the?
axillary nodes
What can be auscultated at the cardiac notch?
mitral valve
What is located behind the medial end of the third left costal cartilage. Most audible over the left second intercostal space?
pulmonary valve
What is located behind the left half of the sternum medial to the third intercostal space. Most audible over the right second intercostal space?
aortic valve
What is located behind the left half of the sternum medial to the fourth costal cartilage. Most audible over the left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line?
mitral valve
What is located behind the right half of the sternum medial to the fourth intercostal space. Most audible over the left fifth intercostal space at its border with the sternum?
tricuspid valve
How does the heart lie in the thorax?
obliquely (FDL)
The _________________ passes between the parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium?
phrenic nerve
The deep cervical nodes follow the course of the?
internal jugular vein
The right 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins join together to form the superior intercostal vein and drains into the?
azygos vein
What is an enlarged supraclavicular node on the left side that is an indication of a visceral tumor is called a?
sentinel node
The rima glottidis is narrow and wedge shaped during?
phonation and expiration or swallowing
What are the two ways the heart can increase in size?
dilation of a heart chamber and muscular hypertrophy
What layer of the thoracic wall prevents the innermost intercostal muscle and parietal pleura from rubbing?
endothoracic fascia
The vocal ligament forms the free edge of what membrane?
conus elasticus
The smallest veins of the heart are called?
venae cordis minimus
deep cervical efferents form what?
right and left jugular trunks