DPT 601 Anatomy: Joint Anatomy, analogy, example

What Axis does Transverse Plane Movement Occur on? Examples of movement

Superior to Inferior Axis; IR/ER, pronation/supination

What Axis does Sagittal Plane Movement Occur on? Examples of movement

Medial to Lateral Axis; Flexion/Extension, dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

What Axis does Frontal Plane Movement Occur on? Examples of movement

Anterior to Posterior; Abduction/Adduction

What is an angle (bony landmarks)

A corner (superior/inferior _____ of scapula

What is a Notch (bony landmarks)

A V or U like depression in edge of a flat area: (supraorbital ____)

What is a Foramen (bony landmarks)

Round hole; blood vessels, nerves, ligaments pass through; Transverse _____ of Cervical Vertebra

What is a Fissure

Long, crack line hold for blood vessels and nerves (tympanomastoid ______)

Fossa

A shallow depression (Mandibular ______)

Body

Main part of a bone (the diaphysis of the humerus)

Meatus

tube like opening or channel within a bone (external auditory _____)

Epicondyle

bump on a bump; for muscle attachment (medial _____ of the humerus)

Condyle

Rounded bump or large prominence (Medial ____ of femur)

Ramus

branch or bony extension away from body of a bone (Inferior Pubic ____)

Line

Minimally raised projection (Nuchal ____)

Process

A raised area or projection (transverse or spinous _____ of vertebrae)

Sinus

cavity within a bone (sphenoidal ____)

Spine

sharp, pointed, slender projection (raises higher than a crest) (_____ of the scapula)

Sulcus (groove)

crevice or furrow (central _____ of the brain)

Tuberosity

Large rounded or oblong projection (deltoid ____)

Trochanter

Large blunt bump like projection (greater ____ of the femur)

Tubercle

small tuberosity (lesser _____ of the humerus)

Ellipsoid Joint

Biplanar motion; flex/ext, abd/add

Flattened convex, with concave trough

Example: Radiocarpal joint (wrist)

Condyloid Joint

Biplanar Motion: flex/ext, abd/add and (flex/ext, IR/ER for axial rotation)

Example: Tibiofemoral joint (knee)

Plane Joint

Typical motion: slide and slide+rotation

Example: intercarpal joints (wrist bones)

Ball and Socket Joint

Tri-planar motion (flex/ext) (abd/add), (IR,ER)

Sphere with concave cup

Ex: glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)

Pivot Joint

spins on one member around a single axis of rotation

Like a doorknob

Ex: humeroradial joint

Canal

opening with length (carotid____)

Crest

moderately raised/prominent border or ridge

Ex: iliac ____ of Ilium

What does a ventral root do

Also an Anterior Root: consists of motor efferent fibers passing from the anterior horn of grey matter to efferent organs

What does a Dorsal Root do

Also a posterior Root: consists of sensory afferent fibers from cell bodies in spinal or posterior ganglion that extend to sensory endings and go centrally towards posterior horn of gray matter

What is a neuron

Functional unit of nervous system, send information to and from brain and organs

Types of Neuron

• Multipolar: many branches; typically a motor neuron. controls skeletal muscle and can be found in ANS:

• Pseudounipolar: short single process extends outward, has sensory receptors from organs, and sends info back to CNS. located in sensory ganglia

What are GSA and GSE nerves

GSE: General Somatic Efferent: sends motor signals to illicit muscle contractions

GSA: General Somatic Afferent: sends information back to brain from body

What are GVA and GVE nerves:

GVE: General Visceral Efferent: transmit signals to smooth muscles, lungs, heart, and glands

GVA: General Visceral Afferent: Transmits sensory info from organs back to the brain; such as pain, BP

What is the convex-concave rule

If the convex aspect of bone is moving on the concave aspect of another bone, than roll and slide will be in opposite directions

Head of Humerus moving in the glenoid fossa; has a superior roll and an inferior slide.

What is the concave-convex rule

If a concave bone is moving on a convex part of another bone then Roll and Slide with be in the same direction

Facet

A smooth flat articular surface; may form joint with another flat bone

Superior and inferior ____ of vertebra

Hinge joint

Flexion and Extension only

Example: Humero-ulnar joint

Saddle Joint

Biplanar motion; spin between bones is possible but limited

Ex: sternoclavicular joint