APHUGS FINAL

What is the effect of Chain Migration on the area of destination?

Urban ethnic enclaves

Over a period of years, a person moves from his farm to a small town, from his small town to a small city, and finally from the small city to a large city. This is an example of what type of migration?

step migration

Give an example of forced migration

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

According to Renfrew's research, how did Indo-European languages diffuse?

With the diffusion of agriculture

What are the two largest language families in the world?

Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European

Which of the following accurately presents the categorization of languages from the broadest category to the most specific?

Families, branches, groups, dialects

What is the difference between a pidgin and creole language?

Pidgin languages do not have native speakers and creole languages do

What is a perceptual region

a region defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data

What is population distribution

the spread of people across the world

Cartography

science or art of making maps

Climate

weather patterns typical for an area over a long period of time

Concentration

**The extent/spread of a feature across space**

Environmental Determinism

**The study of how the physical environment determines human activity, decisions, and development**

Exclave

**A region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country, usually by the borders of another country**

Expansion Diffusion

**When innovations spread to new locations while staying strong in their hearths**

Formal/Uniform Region

**An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics**

Functional/Nodal Region

**An area organized around a node or focal point**

Globalization

**Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope**

Glocal Perspective

**Reflecting or characterized by both local and global considerations**

Conservation

allows the use of resources in a responsible manner

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

Contested Boundaries

boundaries that are not agreed upon

cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

Culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Density

Mass per unit volume

Diffusion

**The spread of a feature or trend from one location to another over time**

Distance Decay

**The effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions; the interaction between 2 locations declines as the distance between them increases**

Ecosystem

a community and its physical environment

Enclave

**A territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state**

Greenhouse Gasses

**Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap infrared rays and product heat**

Hearth

**The region from which innovative ideas originate**

Hierarchical Diffusion

**The spread of a feature or trend from a node of authority/power to other persons or locations**

Local Scale Analysis

Geographic scale that identifies and analyzes a geographic phenomena within a state, city, neighborhood, etc.

Map Scale

the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the actual size of Earth’s features.

Metropolitan Area

A major population center made up of a larger city that is said to have a high level of economic or social integration.

National Scale Analysis

Geographic scale that identifies and analyzes a geographic phenomena within a specific country.

Natural Hazard

a natural process that may have a negative effect on people or the environment.

Nonrenewable Resource

A resource that is consumed faster than it is produced.

Pattern

the geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area.

Possibilism

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

Preservation

Maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible

Projection

system used to transfer location of Earth’s curved surface to a flat map.

Region

an area of the planet characterized by a level of similarity of features, or distinguished by unique combinations.

Regional Scale Analysis

Geographic scale that identifies a geographic phenomena in a particular region.

Relocation Diffusion

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

Renewable Resource

produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

When a trait spreads from areas of little influence to larger areas.

Sense of Place

State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character

Site

The physical characteristics of a place

Situation

The location of a place relative to other places

Spatial Patterns

Ways in which people, places, and characteristics are organized on the Earth's surface

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

Sustainability

The ability to keep in existence or maintain

Time Distance Decay

The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source. More time related.

Time Space Compression

The set of processes that cause the relative distances between places to contract, effectively making such places grow "closer."

Toponym

The name given to a place on Earth

Transnational Corporation

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

An area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity.

Goode-Homolosine

Map projection with interruptions that show spatial distribution.

Mercator Projection

used for navigation

Robinson Projection

Projection that attempts to balance several possible projection errors. It does not maintain completely accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in each.

What is the world systems theory

The world is divided into core/semi/periphery countries.

What is a large scale map

A map that shows a close-up view of part of Earth's surface (i.e., like a topographic map)

What is a small scale map

large area shown in more generalized terms

A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in that country's _____

doubling time

The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

stage 2

What is a stage five in the etm

reemergence of diseases

What is malthus's theory

won’t be enough food to last overpopulation

What is physical geography

the study of earths physical features

What is human geography

the study of the world's people, communities, and landscapes

What is spatial perspective

Observing variations of geography across space

What is ecological perspective

a multilevel, interactive approach to examining the influences on health-related behaviors and conditions

What is location

where something is

What is exact location

absolute location

What is relative location

where a place is located in relation to another place

What is place

Anywhere that has a unique physical and/or human characteristic

mental maps

image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space

What is site

physical characteristics of a place

What is situation

The location of a place relative to another place

What is space

The physical gap or interval between two objects

Define density

number of people in an area

Define pattern

the geometric arrangement of objects in space

What is environmental determinism

The belief that the physical environment directly CAUSES social development.

What is possibilism

The counter to environmental determinism; the belief that while environment may limit certain actions of a people, it cannot TOTALLY predestine their development, and humans may adapt.

What is distance decay

explains how increasing distances between places tend to reduce interactions among them

What is time space compression

the idea that the amount of distance between things has become less significant because of increase in communications and transportation

What is sustainability

development that ensures that future generations will have equal access to the resources that our planet offers

What is a region

an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

What is a formal region

An area within which everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics.

What is a functional region

An area organized around a node or focal point

What is arithmetic density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

What is arable land

farmable land

What is physiological density

The total number of people per unit of arable land.

What is agricultural density

The total number of farmers per unit of arable land.

What is carrying capacity

The largest population that an area can support

What is dependency ratio

number of dependents in a population of working individuals, a measure of dependency in a population

what is the sex ratio

the number of males per hundred females

What is the CBR

Crude birth rate. The total number of live births per every 1000 people per year.

What is the TFR

Total fertility rate. The average number of births a woman will have in her lifetime during her childbearing years.

What is the CDR

Crude death rate. The total number of deaths per every 1000 people per year.