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How is learning defined in the context of behaviorism and conditioning?
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavior potential) due to experience.
What are the three types of conditioning?
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, cognitive/observational learning.
What is classical conditioning?
Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus anticipates a response.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning that involves rewards and punishment, influencing the frequency of behavior.
What is the key concept of stimulus-stimulus learning?
It is learning to associate one stimulus with another.
What triggers an unconditioned response (UR)?
An unconditioned stimulus (US) automatically triggers a response.
What is a neutral stimulus (NS)?
A stimulus that produces no response before conditioning.
What happens during Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment?
The neutral stimulus (tone) and the unconditioned stimulus (food) are paired, resulting in a conditioned response (CR) to the now conditioned stimulus (CS).
In Pavlov's experiment, what becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
The neutral stimulus (tone) after it has been paired with the unconditioned stimulus (food).
What is an example of operant conditioning as explained in the lecture?
Learning that certain behaviors elicit responses, thus increasing or decreasing the frequency of the behavior.
What is the process of conditioning according to Pavlov?
Involves presenting an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) followed by a neutral stimulus (CS) until the CS starts eliciting a conditioned response (CR).
What occurs after step 3 in Pavlov's conditioning setup?
The neutral stimulus (CS) elicits a conditioned response without the original unconditioned stimulus.
In the BMW commercial example, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The pleasant feelings associated with attractive people in the commercial.
In the dentist drill example, what is the conditioned response (CR)?
The fearful reaction associated with the sound of the dentist's drill.
