Geography Exam Review

Geography Exam Review Flashcards

Geography

The study of the Earth, focusing on the interaction between physical and human features.

Physical Geography

Landforms, climate, vegetation.

Human Geography

Cities, culture, population.

Environmental Geography

Human impact on Earth.

Economic Geography

Trade, resources, industries.

Map

Shows features of the globe transferred onto a flat surface.

Topographic Map

Shows elevation/land features.

Thematic Map

Shows specific info like climate or population.

General Purpose Map

Basic features (roads, cities).

Digital Map

Electronic maps (e.g., Google Maps).

Crust/Lithosphere

Outer layer (land).

Mantle

Middle layer, moves slowly.

Core

Center, made of hot metals.

Alfred Wegener

Scientist who proposed Continental Drift.

Convergent Plate Movement

Plates move toward each other.

Divergent Plate Movement

Plates move away from each other.

Transform Plate Movement

Plates slide past each other.

Convection Currents

Circular movements of magma in the mantle, cause tectonic plates to move.

Primary Industry

Raw materials (mining, farming, fishing).

Secondary Industry

Manufacturing (factories).

Tertiary Industry

Services (teachers, doctors, cashiers).

Quaternary Industry

Information, tech, research (IT, scientists).

Raw Materials

Natural resources (e.g., wood, oil).

Renewable Resources

Can be replenished (e.g., trees).

Non-renewable Resources

Limited (e.g., coal, oil).

Flow resources

Constantly available (e.g., sunlight, wind).

Stock Resources

Can be measured, must be managed.

Resources

Anything useful to us.

Types of Rocks

Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous.

Rock Cycle

Melting, cooling, heating, erosion.

Processes (Rock Cycle)

Weathering, erosion, compaction, cementation, heat/pressure.

Census

A population count or survey conducted by the government.

Population Pyramid

The age and gender structure of a population; shows how many people are in each age group.

Census (Population)

Official population survey.

Immigration

People moving into a country.

Emigration

People leaving a country.

Birth Rate

Births per 1,000 people.

Death Rate

Deaths per 1,000 people.

Population Growth Rate

Difference between births, deaths, and migration.