DC history Dr. Reynolds

Great migration

refers to the mass movement of African American from the rural southern United States to urban areas in the North and West primarily between 1916 and 1970 driven by the search for better economic jobs and escape racial discrimination.

Article 1 section 8

Made DC the nation's capitol; Congress has exclusive rule

Gentrification

Over time, white businesses and people pushed African Americans out of their homes due to high property costs. However Increase in property tax and infostructure

1968 Riots

After MLK's assassination. Much of DC destroyed, racial tensions increased. Many whites moved out

The Residence Act

10 miles for state capitol

L'Enfant

Originally designed DC

Andrew Ellicott

Main surveyor of DC

Benjamin Banneker

On planning commission for DC, carried out L'Enfants plan after his dismissal.

War of 1812

British burned DC

The Burning of Washington

The Burning of Washington Many government buildings destroyed. White House+Capitol burned down.

D.C City Council

13 reps, 8 wards, 4 at large, Committee of the whole = every individual committee.

civil war in dc

April 9th 1865 Robert E lee surrender at the court house

End of civil war

Preservation of the union and beginning of reconstruction

Lincoln

Started reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

Sympathized with the south

1865-1877

Reconstruction era

Majors at Howard

Theology, Law, Medicine

Howards founding

Howard was named after General Otis 500K from the Freedman Bureau

President Johnson

Believed Black and Whites should live together

Freedman Bereau

Aimed to help previously Black enslaved people with education using federal funds

Jim crow in Dc

Segregation in public schools but streetcars were not

Red summer

Race riots in dc summer of 1919 Black Vet demanded rights

1950

Formal segregation started breaking down primarily public schools

Boiling V. Sharpe

1947 Bishop and parents began to try to integrate schools

James Nabrit jr.

Took over boiling V. Sharpe and argued due processing supreme courts agreed and integration began

How a bill becomes a law in DC

DC Council passes it, Mayor passes it, congress has final say

Chocolate City

Black Washingtonians and other marginalized groups fought for voting rights, equality, housing, education, jobs, and political representation.

Black Codes

were laws designed to limit the freedom and rights of African Americans. In D.C., Black residents faced curfews, movement restrictions, and employment controls. Free Black people often had to carry freedom papers.

Abolitionism

was the movement to end slavery. Washington, D.C. became a major battleground because slavery existed in the nation's capital.

Pearl Incident

It was one of the largest escape attempts in U.S. history. It revealed the determination of enslaved people to seek freedom. It intensified debates about slavery.

New N Alliance

Black activist organization founded in 1933 that protested businesses refusing to hire Black workers.