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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts about society during the Industrial Age, focusing on social classes, economic roles, urbanization, and the impacts of industrialization.
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New Social Classes
Emergence of middle class and industrial working class in society.
Industrial Working Class
Factory laborers facing harsh conditions, long hours, and low wages.
Middle Class
Business owners, professionals, and skilled workers benefiting from industrialization.
Child Labor
The employment of children in factories or mines, often under harsh conditions.
Factory Act of 1833
British law aimed at regulating child labor in factories.
Cult of Domesticity
An ideal emphasizing women's roles in the home and family.
Urbanization
The rapid growth of cities due to industrialization and economic changes.
Public Health Crisis
Health emergencies resulting from poor living conditions and pollution.
Overcrowding
Excessive population density leading to poor housing and sanitation.
Great Stink of 1858
Severe pollution crisis in London caused by sewage in the Thames River.
Environmental Consequences
Negative impacts on the environment due to industrial activity.
Sewage Systems
Infrastructure implemented to manage waste and improve sanitation.
Housing Regulations
Laws ensuring safety and health standards in urban housing.
Social Reform Movements
Efforts by individuals and organizations to improve conditions for the urban poor.
Respiratory Diseases
Health issues caused by air pollution and factory emissions.
Public Health Reforms
Initiatives to improve health conditions in urban areas.
Tenements
Poorly built, overcrowded housing often found in urban areas.
Manchester, England
City known as 'Cottonopolis' with significant industrial growth and pollution.
Leisure Activities
Free-time pursuits enjoyed by the middle class during industrialization.
Self-Discipline
Value emphasized by the middle class as essential for success.
Working-Class Women
Women in the workforce often in low-paying jobs, supporting their families.