Group 1A: Alkali Metals

• Lithium (Li)

• Sodium (Na)

• Potassium (K)

• Rubidium (Rb)

• Cesium (Cs)

• Francium (Fr)

Principal Metals

Increasing atomic number (Periodic table)

How are elements arranged?

Electron Configuration

It shows periodic variation with increasing atomic number. It describes how electrons are distributed among the orbitals of the atom

Valence Electron

Outer-shell electrons

Core Electrons

Inner-shell electron, and may be represented by a noble gas having the same number of electrons

Metallic Properties

This decreases across period from metals to metalloids to nonmetals; and increase from top to bottom within a particular group of representative elements

Atomic Size

It decreases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge and valence electrons in the same energy level; increasing going down a group due to increasing energy levels

Ionization Energy

is a measure of the tendency of the atom to resist the loss of an electron. The higher it is, the more strongly the nucleus holds the electron.

Electron Affinity

is the measure of the attraction or the tendency of an atom to gain an electron. The more (-) the it is, the greater tendency for atom to gain electron.

Electronegativity

is a measure of the ability of the atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

IE, EA, and EN

It increases across a period; decrease going down the group

Metallic Elements

• Exhibit shiny luster

• Conduct heat and electricity

• Malleable and ductile

Metal Oxide

Are ionic solid, and basic and form cations in aq solutions

Nonmetals

Do not exhibit properties of metals

Nonmetal Oxide

are molecular subs, and acidic and form anions in aq solutions

Metalloids

Have properties between metals and nonmetals

• Large

• Only has one valence electron

• Capable of ionization (easy removal)

Atoms of Alkali Metals are?

very active metals

Alkali Metals are classified as?

Increasing atomic number

What happens when water increases?

Cesium

The most active metal

Alkali Metals

This is not found in nature in free state since they are so active

Under kerosene, coated with paraffin

How is Alkali Metal stored?

Lithium salts (lithium fluoride, carbonate, phosphates)

All salts are water-soluble, except? (give examples)

hydroxides, lithium hydroxide

Alkali metals form of strongly basic ____, except for _____

Hydrides

Combined with hydrogen

Halides

Combined with halogens

Superoxide

Oxygen to form Lithium Oxide

Superoxide

Oxygen to form Sodium Peroxide

Superoxide

Oxygen to form Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium

Lithium Oxide

React with Oxygen, Lithium?

Sodium Peroxide

React with Oxygen, Sodium?

Hydrogen gas & Metallic Hydroxide

These react vigorously with water

Flame Test

is used to confirm the presence of metals in the compound

Yellow

Sodium Flame Color

Violet

Potassium Flame Color

Carmine Red

Cesium Flame Color

Intense red-violet; sometimes yellow

Rubidium Flame Color