HSCI 210 Final Exam

What are ovaries?

gonads, location where we generate gametes

Where are eggs produced?

Ovaries

Where is the ovaries located?

lower pelvis, below most digestive organs

What is the uterus?

location where pregnancies are developing and held

What is the fallopian tube?

helps eggs move from ovary towards uterus

What is the ovarian ligament?

keep ovary close to uterus and fallopian tube

What is the broad ligament?

holds uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary close together

Is the ovary and fallopian tube connected?

No

What does the fallopian tube do when egg is released?

Grabs egg

What is suspension ligaments?

connects to broad ligaments over the fallopian tube to the pelvis

What happens to ligaments during pregnancy?

Become more lose

What is the ovary cortex?

outside of ovary

What happens in the ovary cortex?

Where eggs, ovulation, corpus, luteum are

What is the ovary medulla?

inside of ovary

What is in the ovary medulla?

Contains blood supply, nerves, and essential nutrients

What is the tunica albuginea?

outer edge of ovary

What is germinal epithelium?

Connective tissue; very thin epithelial layer

What do females have at birth?

O sites

What is oogenesis?

Formation of a female gamete

What do primordial follicles go through?

oogenesis

When is the antrum for eggs develops?

Secondary follicle

What must happen for ovulation to occur?

graafian follicle ruptures

What sometimes stay within fallen eggs?

corona radiata

What is a primordial follicle?

eggs at the time at birth

What is primordial follicles surrounded by?

Epithelial cells

What is a follicle?

Series of cells and other tissues structures that surround and supposed the developing egg slash O sites

What is oogenesis?

process of taking a primordial follicle and getting it ready for ovulation

What do primordial follicles develop to?

Primary follicles

What is primary follicles?

one to two layers of epithelium

What do primary follicles develop to?

Secondary follicle

What is secondary follicle?

much thicker epithelial walls and secrete hormones to create sacs

What is antrum?

within follicle

What is a Vesicular/Graafian follicle?

antrum becomes really big, mature follicle

Where does graafian follicles migrate to?

edge of ovary

What is the fluid in antrum?

Estrogen

What is secreted when graafian follicle reaches final size?

Estrogen

What is a lutenizing hormone?

released when estrogen is at its high, triggers ovulation, releases oocyte

What happens when ovulation occurs?

Have fertilization

What happens to the remnants of the follicle?

Returns to ovary and secrete progesterone

What is progesterone?

high levels causes thickened uterine lining, produced by corpus luteum

What do you see when progesterone is released?

See blocking of follicle stimulating hormone to prevent another oocyte from going through process

What happens to corpus luteum?

Breaks down if no fertilization

What happen to estrogen levels when progesterone is released?

Trigger the release of follicle stimulating hormone and process begins again

What is an ovarian cyst?

Follicle becomes bigger

What happens to most ovarian cysts?

Rupture or get reabsorbed

What happens if ovarian cyst becomes too big?

Cause irreparable damage killing ovary

Why does the ovary die when ovarian cyst becomes too big?

Doesn’t get much oxygen to survive

What is a treatment to ovarian cyst?

Birth control

What is the fallopian tube?

Between ovary and uterus

What helps grab egg into fallopian tube?

Fimbriae

What is fimbriae?

have the ability to reach out, grab ovulated egg, and feed egg into lumen of fallopian tube

What is the infundibulum of fallopian tube?

funnel shape that starts with a large diameter and eventually becomes small

What is the ampulla?

longest portion of fallopian tube

What is the isthmus?

narrowest tube in fallopian tube

What must penetrate through wall of uterus?

Egg

What is the intramural region?

portion of the tube that is moving directly through wall of uterus

What type of cells are found in fallopian tubes?

Goblet cells

What do goblet cells secrete in fallopian tubes?

Mucus

What moves the egg down the fallopian tube?

ciliated cells

What is the uterus?

allows growth of fetus

What kind of walls does the uterus have?

Thick walls

What is the endometrium?

Epithelial cells

What is the myometrium?

contains smooth muscle and connective tissue

Can the myometrium handle stretch without rupture?

Yes

What type of contractions are myometrium controlled by?

Autonomic control

What is the cervix?

Most narrow kind of passageway most inferior portion of uterus

What is more smaller in the cervix?

Lumen

What type of muscle is found in the cervix?

Smooth muscle

What is the internal orifice?

coming from uterine cavity into cervical canal

What is the external orifice?

opening between cervical canal and vaginal canal

What happens when the cervix is closed?

moves to a position not lined up with vaginal canal

What happens to cervix and vaginal canal during ovulation?

Line up and see mild opening

What is basale in the menstrual cycle?

always present

What is functionalis?

grows, thickens, and removed and excreted every 28 days

When do big changes in uterine cycle occur?

After big important things happens

What happens when estrogen levels increase?

endometrium gets thicker

When does it the endometrium reach it’s thickest stage?

little bit after ovulation

What happens when there is no fertilization?

Corpus luteum dies and progesterone levels drop

What happens when fertilization occur?

Corpus luteum doesn’t die and pumps out progesterone for a month until placenta is formed

What is the placenta?

pumps out progesterone in pregnancy

Does the corpus luteum pump out a lot of progesterone or less during pregnancy?

less

What remains thickened during pregnancy?

endometrium

What is brith control?

Artificially increasing estrogen and progesterone

What does birth control trick the body in doing?

it’s in the luteal phase

What happens when someone is on birth control?

Not going to experience ovulation and not get pregnant

What is the vagina?

communication point that allows for movement of baby’s

Where is the vagina?

Inferior to cervix

What is Vaginal rugae?

allows the vaginal to stretch; increases surface area

What is the fornix?

parts of vagina that goes higher than cervix

What type of epithelium is found in the vagina?

Stratified squamous epithelium

When does the vagina contract?

Push out baby

What is labia?

keeps vagina closed from outside world

What is labia majora?

thick skin with hair

What is labia minora?

much more thin, hairless skin

What does labia minora form?

Vestibule

What is enclosed by the vestibule?

External urethral orifice and vaginal orifice

What is Bartholin glands?

secrete fluids, change pH to be hospitable

What is the clitoris?

mostly internal, covered by prepuce

What is the Mons pubis?

external fat pad that sits directly on surface of pubic symphysis

What is the Corpus cavernosum?

ability to be filled with blood and become larger in size