A&P - Ch6 Muscular System

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells

resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control;

aka Lou Gehrig disease

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

disease of unknown cause

persistent fatigue

with muscle and joint pain and other symptions.

May be virally induced.

dermatomyositis

unknown origin

involving muscular inflammation

as well as dermatitis and skin rashes

fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

A disorder with widespread muscular aches and stiffness

no known cause

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases

characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

myasthenia gravis

chronic autoimmune disease

affects the neuromuscular junction

characterized by progressive muscular weakness

polymyositis

a disease of unkonwn cause

involving muscular inflammation and weakness

repetative strain injury (RSI)

tissue damage caused by repeated motion,

usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational means

Also called overuse syndrome, cumulative trauma injury and repetative motion injury.

sprain

injury of a ligament

caused by abnormal or excessive forces on a joint

strain

trauma to a muscle, sometimes a tendon,

due to violent contraction or excessive forcible stretching

tendinitis, tendonitis

inflammation of the tendons

caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

tenosynovitis

inflammation of a tendon sheath

creatine kinase

muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle;

elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

Electromyography (EMG)

study of the electrical activity of muscle during contraction

producing an electrical recording

my/o; muscul/o

muscle

in/o

fiber, muscle fiber

fasci/o

fascia

ten/o; tendin/o

tendon

ton/o

tone

erg/o

activity; work

kin/o, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o

movement

Muscle around the eye that closes the eyelids

orbicularis oculi muscle

Masseter

Sternocleidomastoid

Deltoid

pectoralis major

serratus anterior

biceps brachii

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

Flexor carpi

extensor carpi

abdominal aponeurosis

adductors

fibularis longus

tibialis anterior

Soleus

Gastrocnemius

vastus medialis

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

sartorius

rectus abdominis

internal oblique

intercostals

external oblique

trapezius

orbicularis oris

temporalis

frontalis

teres minor

teres major

latissimus dorsi

gluteus maximus

biceps femoris

Semitendinousus

Semimembranosus

gluteus medius

triceps brachii

Acetylcholine

a nueurotransmitte that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscle

actin

thin filaments, contractile protein

Agonist

muscle that contracts to produce a movement

antagonist

muscle that opposes the prime mover/agonist

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

fascia

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue

covers, supports, and separates muscle

fasicle

smal bundle, as of muscle or nerve fibers

insertion

in a given movement, the point where a muscle is attached to a moving part of the skeleton

muscle

an organ that produces movement by contracting

myosin

thick filament, contractile protein

neuromuscular junction

point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell

origin

in a given movement, the point where a muscle attaches to the stable part of the skeleton

prime mover

the main muscle involved in a given movementment

skeletal muscle

A voluntary muscle

attached to the bones of the skeleton

provides the force that moves the bones.

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

synergist

muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation

tendon

Connects muscle to bone

tonus

normal, partially steady state of muscle contraction