children and families

foster parents(take in foster care)

adults who care for children temporarily

guardians(legal responsibility for a child)

people legally responsible for a child

role models(set a good example)

people whose behavior is emulated

ground rules(establish basic expectations)

fundamental principles for behavior

conventions(socially accepted norms)

customs widely followed in society

codes of conduct(define acceptable behavior) + absorb

rules governing behavior in groups

bullying(exert power to harm others)

aggressive behavior towards peers

truancy(skip school without permission)

unauthorized absence from school

delinquency(commit minor crimes)

antisocial or criminal behavior by youth

abduction(take someone away illegally)

kidnapping or unlawful removal

peer pressure(influence from friends)

social influence from one's peer group

altruism (sự vị tha)

the fact of caring about other people’s needs and happiness more than your own

dual-income family(both parents work)

household with two earners

child-minding(look after children)

temporary care of children by others

upbringing(raise a child)

the way a child is cared for and taught

cognitive development(improve mental abilities)

growth of thinking and reasoning skills

breadwinner(earn the main income)

person who financially supports the family

after-school childcare(provide care after school)

supervision of children after school hours

pattern of behavior(repeated actions)

consistent way of acting

well brought-up(receive good upbringing)

raised with good manners and values

parental care

Sự chăm sóc và hướng dẫn của cha mẹ (Children would encounter many problems if they are lack of parental care and guidance.)

parental guidance

Sự hướng dẫn của cha mẹ (Children would encounter many problems if they are lack of parental care and guidance.)

parental monitoring

Sự giám sát của cha mẹ (Without parental guidance and monitoring

the primary breadwinner

Người kiếm tiền chính trong gia đình (Culturally

grow up in a close-knit family

Lớn lên trong một gia đình gắn bó (Growing up in a close-knit family would help children develop comprehensively.)

grow up in a dysfunctional family

Lớn lên trong một gia đình bất ổn (In dysfunctional families

strengthen family bonds

Củng cố mối quan hệ giữa các thành viên trong gia đình (Communication can help strengthen the relationship between parents and their children.)

weaken family bonds

Làm suy yếu mối quan hệ giữa các thành viên trong gia đình (Misunderstanding between parents and their offspring can weaken family bonds.)

strengthen the relationship between … and …

Củng cố mối quan hệ giữa các cá nhân (Communication can help strengthen the relationship between parents and their children.)

weaken the relationship between … and …

Làm suy yếu mối quan hệ giữa các cá nhân (Misunderstanding between parents and their offspring can weaken family bonds.)

family breakdown

Sự đổ vỡ trong mối quan hệ gia đình (Arguments and conflicts between husbands and wives is one of the most common causes of family breakdown.)

have frequent family trips

Thường xuyên đi chơi cùng gia đình (Busy schedules prevents people from having frequent family trips.)

become heavily reliant on

Phụ thuộc nhiều vào ai đó (Children are becoming heavily reliant on their parents in almost everything.)

rely entirely on

Phụ thuộc hoàn toàn vào ai đó (Children are becoming heavily reliant on their parents in almost everything.)

try every possible effort to

Nỗ lực hết sức để làm gì đó (Instead of trying every possible effort to solve problems

engage in criminal activities

Tham gia vào hành vi phạm tội (Children who grow up in dysfunctional families have a tendency to engage in criminal activities such as gambling or thief.)

engage in illegal acts

Tham gia vào hành vi trái pháp luật (Children who grow up in dysfunctional families have a tendency to engage in criminal activities such as gambling or thief.)

take up bad habits

Hình thành thói quen xấu (Without parental guidance and monitoring

proposition

an idea or opinion- practical proposition

fall victim to sth

trở thành nạn nhân/ bị ảnh hưởng tiêu cực bởi thứ gì đó - vd: fall victim to crimes

Complication/postpartum complications health issue disorder

biến chứng sau sinh (a medical problem that occurs after childbirth)

Setback/be a setback for obstacle hindrance

trở ngại cho (something that delays progress or development)

Absence/prolonged absence time off leave

sự vắng mặt kéo dài (a long period of not being present)

Reintegration/supportive reintegration inclusion reentry

tái hòa nhập có hỗ trợ (the process of returning and adapting to a previous role with help)

Phase/return-to-work phase transition period

giai đoạn trở lại làm việc (the stage of resuming work after a break)

Job-sharing/job-sharing arrangement split role

chia sẻ công việc (a work setup where two people share one full-time job)

Rule/anti-discrimination rules policy regulation

quy định chống phân biệt đối xử (laws that prevent unfair treatment)

Gossiping/unwanted gossiping rumor talk

lời đồn không mong muốn (talking about someone behind their back)

Isolation/isolation loneliness exclusion

sự cô lập (being separated from others)

Specialization/specialization in a field expertise focus

chuyên môn hóa (concentration on a specific area of work or study)

Blues/baby blues sadness mood swing

trầm cảm sau sinh nhẹ (mild depression after childbirth)

Maternal/maternal instinct motherly parental

thuộc về người mẹ (related to a mother)

Shift/overtime shifts extra hours extended work

ca làm thêm giờ (working beyond normal hours)

Workload/workload pressure burden

khối lượng công việc (the amount of work someone has to do)

Room/makes room for allow enable

tạo điều kiện cho (to provide space or opportunity)

Assumption/a biased assumption that prejudice stereotype

giả định thiên lệch rằng (an unfair belief without evidence)

Leave/maternity leave parental break

nghỉ thai sản (time off work for childbirth and care)

Breastfeed/breastfeed the baby nurse lactate

cho con bú (to feed a baby with milk from the breast)

Illness/infant illness sickness condition

bệnh ở trẻ sơ sinh (a health problem affecting a baby)

Development/support children’s early development growth progress

hỗ trợ sự phát triển sớm của trẻ (helping children grow and learn in early years)

Companionship/the companionship of friendship presence

sự đồng hành (the comfort of having someone with you)

Explore/to explore the surrounding and make new friends discover socialize

khám phá xung quanh và kết bạn mới (to look around and meet people)

Empathy/empathy for others compassion understanding

sự thấu cảm (the ability to understand and share others’ feelings)

Recovery/recovery time after childbirth healing rest

thời gian hồi phục sau sinh (the period needed to regain health after giving birth)