BIO 171 - Articulations/Joints (Chapter 9) Notes

synarthroses

immovable

amphiarthroses

slightly movable

diarhroses

freely moveable

fibrous joints

connected by fibrous tissue, no joint cavity

cartilaginous

cartilage connects to bone, no joint cavity

synovial joints

separation of bone ends by a fluid-filled joint cavity

suture

tight seam. ex sagittal suture (skull). synarthroses

gomphosis

teeth is attached to the jaw. synarthroses

syndesmosis

connective tissue connecting to bone. (around the radius/ulna) amphirartroses

synchondrosis

bones joined by hyaline cartilage in the growth plate. synarthroses

symphysis

fibrocartilage pad connects to bone. more moveable then synchondrosis. amphirtroses

articular cartilage

hyaline cartilage articulating bone surface. protects and absorbs compression.

fibrous capsule

external dense irregular connective tissue that strengthens the joint

synovial membrane

internal lining with loose connective tissue, covering all internal joint surfaces.

joint cavity

small space filled with synovial fluid

synovial fluid

connects articulating bone

burse

small fibrous sacs filled with fluid to reduce friction around joints

tendon sheaths

engulfed versions of bursae that wrap around a tendon

fat pads

provides extra cushioning with knee and hip joints

menisci

fibrocartilage discs that absorb compression and hemp improve joint fit

articular surface

plays minor role. shape determines movement

ligaments

reinforce the capsule. more ligaments a tendon has the more stable it is.

tendon of muscles crossing joints

most important for stability. important for shoulder and knee joints