Grade 10 Science Exam

Bioluminescence

The production of light by living organisms, such as fireflies.

Incandescence

Light produced by heating an object until it glows.

Fluorescence

The immediate emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

Phosphorescence

The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light, but occurs over a longer time period.

Chemiluminescence

The production of light as a result of a chemical reaction.

Triboluminescence

The generation of light from a material when it is mechanically stressed, such as crushing or rubbing.

Specular Reflection

Reflection of light off a smooth surface, which produces clear images.

Diffuse Reflection

Reflection of light off rough surfaces, scattering light in multiple directions.

Index of Refraction

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a given medium.

Critical Angle

The angle of incidence that results in the refracted ray lying along the boundary.

Total Internal Reflection (TIR)

Occurs when light is completely reflected within a medium, typically seen in fiber optics.

Apparent Depth

The depth at which an object appears due to the refraction of light.

Real Image

An image produced by concave mirrors when the object is beyond the focal point.

Virtual Image

An image produced by plane mirrors and convex mirrors.

Convex Mirrors

Mirrors that provide a wider field of view and are often used in stores for surveillance.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a nucleus and have a simpler structure.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and have a complex structure.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

Cell Cycle

The life cycle of a cell, consisting of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Mitosis

A phase of the cell cycle that involves the division of the nucleus into two identical nuclei.

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth that disrupts normal cell cycle processes.

Epithelial Tissue

A type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

Connective Tissue

A type of tissue that supports and binds other tissues.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue made up of cells that can contract and enable movement.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue composed of neurons and supporting cells that transmit impulses.

Ingestion

The act of taking food into the digestive system.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into simpler components.

Absorption

The process by which nutrients from digested food are taken into the blood.

Egestion

The process of removing undigested waste from the body.