Anatomy and Physiology Semester Exam Review: Body Cavities, Cell Structure, Tissues, and Systems

What is the structural and functional unit of life?

Cell

What are the two organ systems that control homeostasis?

Nervous and Endocrine

What is anatomical position?

Feet shoulder width apart, palms forward, body erect.

What are the properties of water?

Good solvent, high heat capacity, regulates body temperature, transports nutrients/wastes.

What are the four organic compounds and their building blocks?

Carbohydrates - Monosaccharide, Lipids - Glycerol + Fatty acid, Nucleic acids - Nucleotides, Proteins - Amino acids.

What makes up 96% of the human body?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Selectively permeable, protects the cell.

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Holds organelles.

What does the nucleolus do?

Makes proteins (ribosomes), contains RNA.

What do chromatin/chromosomes contain?

DNA.

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Smooth - detoxifies; Rough - moves ribosomes.

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Packages things up for the cell.

What is contained in the nucleus?

DNA and controls the cell.

What are the phases of IPMAT and what happens in each?

I - Growth and DNA replication, P - Centrioles separate, M - Chromosomes align in the center, A - Chromosomes move to opposite ends, T - Nucleoli appear / cytokinesis produces 2 daughter cells.

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Protect, absorb, filter, and secrete.

What is the function of connective tissue?

Protect, support, bind tissue together.

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Irritability and conductivity.

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Contraction to produce movement.

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Support, protect, movement (with skeletal muscles), produce blood cells.

What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton?

Axial - Skull, vertebral column, rib cage; Appendicular - Arms, legs, pelvis.

What are the regions of the spine?

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal.

What are the three types of muscle?

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.

Which muscles are voluntary and which are involuntary?

Skeletal - Voluntary; Cardiac and Smooth - Involuntary.

What causes a contraction of a muscle?

Nerve stimulation.

What is action potential?

Process of depolarization and repolarization of the neuron.

What are the four parts of the brain and their functions?

Cerebrum: Frontal - motor, Parietal - sensory, Occipital - vision; Brain Stem: Medulla oblongata - vital functions, Pons - rate of breathing, Midbrain - reflex.

What controls body temperature?

Hypothalamus.