4.5 - Energy Transformations- Cellular Respiration

aerobic cellular respiration

complete breakdown of sugars, generates large amount of energy (38 ATP), glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETC

anaerobic cellular respiration

partial breakdown of sugars without oxygen, generates a small amount of energy (2 ATP), glycolysis & fermentation

mitochondria

site of Kreb's cycle and Electron Transport Chain, generates most of the ATP for the cell

cytoplasm

site of glycolysis and fermentation

glycolysis

1st stage of both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, occurs in cytoplasm, generates pyruvate, NADH, and ATP

Kreb's cycle

2nd stage of aerobic cellular respiration, occurs in mitochondrial matrix, breaks down sugars into CO2, stores energy in NADH, FADH2, and ATP

electron transport chain (ETC)

3rd stage of aerobic cellular respiration, occurs in inner membrane of mitochondria, requires oxygen, proteins generate most of the ATP

fermentation

final step in the process by which cells break down sugars to release energy without using oxygen

glucose

C6H12O6; a simple sugar that is an important source of energy

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

ADP

(adenosine diphosphate) The compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy

inner membrane of mitochondria

location of electron transport chain / highly folded

intermembrane space of mitochondria

space between inner and outer membranes / build-up of H+ ions occurs here

matrix of mitochondria

location of the Kreb's cycle

NADH

an energy-carrying molecule produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle that carries energy to the ETC, where it is stored in 3 ATP.

FADH2

an energy-carrying molecule produced by the Krebs cycle that carries energy to the ETC, where it is stored in 2 ATP.

pyruvic acid

the 3-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis

oxygen (O2)

final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water

carbon dioxide (CO2)

waste gas produced by the breakdown of sugar molecules