Chapter 29 Genetics

A collection of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to genetics.

Genetics

The study of heredity.

Mendelian Genetics

The study of how genetic traits are passed on to offspring.

Genomic Medicine

A genetic approach to the diagnosis and management of disease.

Gene

Heritable factors passed on to offspring.

Genotype

The genes an organism has for a given trait.

Phenotype

The expression of genes as a trait.

Alleles

Alternate forms of genes.

Dominant Allele

An allele that masks the effects of a recessive gene.

Recessive Allele

An allele that is masked by the presence of a dominant allele.

Homozygous

Having two of the same alleles for a trait.

Heterozygous

Having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait.

Locus

The location of a gene on a chromosome.

Diploid

Having two copies of chromosomes.

Haploid

Having one copy of chromosomes, found only in gametes.

Karyotype

A map of chromosomes.

Meiosis

The process of DNA replication followed by two cell divisions.

Punnett Square

A tool used to determine the probability of offspring having a specific genotype.

Codominance

When both alleles are expressed equally at the same time.

Incomplete Dominance

When both alleles are expressed, but the recessive one is at a much lower level.

Polygenic Traits

Traits determined by the expression of multiple genes.

Sex-linked Traits

Traits affected by genes on the X and Y chromosomes.

Nondisjunction

Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, leading to aneuploidy.

Down Syndrome

Trisomy 21

Edwards Syndrome

Trisomy 18

Patau Syndrome

Trisomy 13

Klinefelter Syndrome

A genetic condition resulting from an extra X chromosome in males, leading to physical and developmental challenges. 47 chromosomes

Turner Syndrome

A genetic condition caused by the absence of one X chromosome in females, resulting in developmental issues and short stature. 45 chromosomes.