Zoology Q10

__________ fish have placoid scales. 

Cartilaginous 

Who has nostrils and Ampullae de Lorenzini?

Cartilaginous fish

Ampullae de Lorenzini does what?

Detects electrical fields 

How do sharks find food in sediment?

Using ampullae to sense electric fields from buried organisms.

The lateral line is present in…

Both cartilaginous and bony fish

Which describes the lateral line?

Openings on body with canals leading to underside.

What makes the lateral line functional?

The pores contain specialized cells to detect movement / vibration in water.

What does the lateral line do?

Detects movement in water from vibrations.

Cartilaginous fish use ________ fertilization.

Internal

The structure male cartilaginous fish use to deposit sperm?

Claspers

Where do males place claspers?

Inside the cloaca of the female 

Where are the claspers are typically located?

Extending from the pelvic fins, near the cloaca.

The cloaca is linked to…

 All of the above

What development type(s) involve live birth? 

Viviparous and ovoviviparous 

What does oviparous development create? 

A large, laid yolk egg

Describe oviparous.

• Egg is laid

• No further nutrients given

• Continues developing outside body

What is an example of oviparous development?

A mermaid purse

What does viviparous development create? 

Live-born babies

Describe viviparous.

• Egg is kept inside body

• Develops inside body

• Further nutrition given

• Live birth

What does oviviparous development create? 

A yolk egg, kept inside the body

Describe oviviparous.

• Egg is kept inside body BUT

• No further nutrition given

• Baby eats yolk

• Live birth

The counter current system is….

The diffusion of oxygen across gills

The counter current system allows for…

Organisms to keep heat at body core

Blood moving in the opposite direction of water maximizes _________.

Oxygen transfer

Blood moving in the same direction of water maximizes _________.

Oxygen collection

Why pneumatic sacs may have evolved in freshwater fish?

Freshwater bodies can go anoxic, evolving pneumatic sacs to save oxygen. (Gulped from surface)

Swim bladders in bony fish evolved from…

Esophageal air sacs

Swim bladders in bony fish are used for what?

Bouyancy and position control

How the swim bladder behaves like a balloon?

Both ways

Which scale type is oldest?

Ganoid

What sexes do fish have?

All of the above

A larger number of offspring are usually _________ and ________.

Smaller, sent off

What are positives of terrestrial environments? 

• 20x more oxygen in air

• Varied habitats

• Unexploited food source

• No big predators (yet)

What are hurdles of terrestrial environments? 

• Drastic temperature variation

• Solar radiation

• No buoyancy

• Dessication

What chordate features do Myxini & Petromyzontida have as embryos?

Post-anal tail  Pharyngeal pouch Notochord Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Thyroid gland 

Myxini & Petromyzontida have which vertebrate features?

Cranium and vertebrae

Tetrapod means…

“Four feet”

What are some adaptations for living on land?

• Complex lungs

• Limbs to support body weight

• Sense organs to detect airborne sounds / movement (ears, nostrils)

What features did early tetrapods have?

• Fish-like skull

• 4 limbs + digits

• Lungs + gills

How amphibian adults respire?

Skin + lungs

How amphibian larva respire?

Gills

Define amplexus.

The amphibian mating stance (described as a hug from behind)

Which is an example of Anura?

Frogs and toads

Which is an example of Apoda?

Caecelians 

Which is an example of Urodela?

Salamanders and newts

In sharks, what is the function of the rectal gland?

Regulating salts.

In sharks, what is the function of the spiral valve?

All of the above 

Fish have ____ blood circut(s).

1

What is the path that blood travels?

1. Atrium 2.Ventricle 3. Gills 4. The body