Physio Exam 4

draw striated muscles with receptors

choline vs. acetyl

choline is harder to make, acetyl is everywhere

sarcolema

surface of striated muscle

acetylcholine esterase

break down ACH

what does striated muscle mean

sarco in front

myincidinin gracin

destroys nicotinic receptors, faster than making, muscle weakness

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inhibit to last longer

Thin filament vs thick filament

Thin = actin

Thick= myosin 2X thicker

3 parts of troponin hinge

TnC, TnT, TnI

TnC

Calcium binding

TnT

Tropomyosin

TnI

Inhibit

Draw thin filament

How does tropomyosin work in thin filament

. Block actin + myosin from cross bridging

How to cross bridge w/ thin filament

Open gate (tropomyosin) w/ hinge ( troponin)

Draw thick filament

Steps of thick filament

ATP → ADP + p extra energy sets trap

Myosin binds to actin (cross bridge, set trap)

ATP binds to myosin, myosin change shape, breaks actin-myosin crossbridge

troponin bound by Catt around, ca+ must be around to restart

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Sliding filament theory

Riga-mortis

When you die, don't make ATP, ATP releases myosin headi can't release cross bridge, stuck in position

Muscle formation

Rods align, head of myosin stick outwards thin filaments pulled together

Sacromere meaning

Muscle body

Draw sarcomere

Nebulin

Protein, make sure filaments straight + same length

Titin

Keep thick filaments in alignment, make elastic muscle

A band

Thick thin over lap = dark band

I band

Thin, light

H zone

Sunny spot, middle of dark band

Z line to z line

Sarcomere

Striated

Alter dark + light band

Row of sarco meres

Myofibrils

Does muscles in body know their limitations?

Yes

Draw Anaerobic and aerobic

Anaerobic pathway

Aerobic pathway

Twitch

One release of acetal choline (1/10 second)

Isometric

Same length

ISOtonic

Same tension

Draw Isometric twitch

Draw isotonic twitch

Draw summation of twitches

Short duration fatigue

Increase H and increase P, holding book then dropping, anaerobic

Long duration fatigue

Decrease glycogen

Draw muscle optimal length chart

60% muscle length

Can't move b/c no room, Z line on Z line, bunch up

175% muscle length

No overlap between thick + thin filaments

Normal muscle usage %

Within 30% of 100%

Motor unit, alpha motor

Extra fusal fibers

1 motor to how many being used

Draw muscle type chart, source, myoglobin, diameter, depolarization, recruitment, fatigue

Draw smooth muscle cells

Pace maker cell in smooth muscle

Cajal cell, na+ leak I reach action potential, de polarize

Peristalsis, tells what to squeeze

Smooth cell function

Unitary manner, de polarice one cell generate current go through all

Smooth muscle latch mechanism (draw)

Draw smooth muscle filaments

Skeletal/ striated V's smooth chart

Cardiac muscle, t tubules, calcium

striated, t tubules 25x more volume, 1/2 Catt through extracellularly, 1/2 sarcoplasm reticulum intracellulary

Draw cardiac muscle fibers

Right V's left heart

Draw heart

Only artery that is deoxygenated

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary circulation, pick up o2 in blood

Right Atrium

Venus blood

Chordata tendinae function

Hold in places so tricuspid don't collapse

Semilunar valves

. avoid backwards flow

Blood pressure

Draw aorta w/ blood flowing out

Draw aorta w/ blood flowing backwards

bolus

Turbulent flow eject blood into aorta, eject wad of blood

Draw heart w/ layers

Draw heart w/ bands and cell layer

Draw EKG on man and Einthomis triangle

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Draw EKG circle

Draw different waves

Draw simple heart w/bands

Draw neuron AP chart

Draw skeletal muscle AP chart

Draw Smooth muscle AP chart

Draw cardiac muscle AP chart

What is heart in most of time?

Absolute refraction, heart can’t go into tetany bc can’t sum ventricular refraction

What is a fast leaker of na+

Sa node, 1st to hit threshold and depolarize

Draw depolarization of SA node

Draw P wave

Draw QRS Wave

Draw t wave

Absolute refraction in heart = tetany, explain

No tetany prevents ventricles from summing twitches up

Draw ventricular filling

Draw ventricular relaxation

Draw ventricular ejection

Draw ventricular contraction

Intrinsic

Heart or kidney control itself

Extrinsic

Hormone, autonomic helps control need help not by itself

Draw law of heart chart

What does intrinsic control

Volume in = volume out

? What does extra volume mean

Extra effort

Surrounding lung pressure

Negative

What happens when you go from standing → laying

500 ml of fluid to thorax

Shunt

Move around

What controls bp

Autonomic nervous system

What controlls blood flow

Metabolism

Draw blood flow

What has most resistance/ total resistance

Arterioles → greatest ability to vasoconstrictor vasodiate

Ohms law applied to blood flow

Volts= current x resistance

V= I x R

Delta p = I (blood flow) x R