1st Summative Test in Science 9 Flashcards

Vocabulary and key concepts from the Science 9 summative test on Newton's Laws of Motion.

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion

Net force

The resultant force acting on an object

Balanced forces

Forces that occur when the net force on an object is zero

Unbalanced net force

A force that changes the motion of an object

Friction

The force that opposes sliding between surfaces

Centripetal force

The force that pushes an object toward the center, keeping it in circular motion

Acceleration

Defined as a change in velocity

Newton's Second Law Equation

The relationship among net force, mass, and acceleration summarized as $F = ma$

Acceleration - Net Force Relationship

If mass is constant, acceleration increases when net force increases

Acceleration - Mass Relationship

If the same force acts on two objects, the object with greater mass has less acceleration

Direction of Acceleration

In Newton's second law, acceleration is in the direction of the net force

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Action-reaction pair forces

Two forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

Action-reaction objects

Forces that act on two different interacting objects rather than a single object

Action-reaction Cancellation

Why action-reaction forces do not cancel each other: they act on different objects

System

The object or group of objects chosen for study during force analysis

External force

A force originating from outside the chosen system