Neuro Sense

What is the technical term for the sense of taste?

gustation

What type of mechanoreceptor responds to changes in limb position?

 

proprioceptors

What type of mechanoreceptor responds to touch/pressure in the skin?

tactile receptors

Which sense(s) rely on specialized mechanoreceptors referred to as hair cells?

balance/equilibrium and hearing

What receptor type detects changes in concentrations of specific molecules (e.g., pH)?

chemoreceptor

What type of pain involves the perception of pain in an amputated or excised part of the body?

phantom pain

Which of the following possess chemoreceptors sensitive to changes in pH and CO₂ of cerebrospinal fluid?

Medulla oblongata

Which tactile receptor is found in the dermis and is sensitive to deep pressure and vibrations?

 

tactile corpuscles

Which type of tactile receptor is abundant in the dermis of the eyelids, fingertips, nipples, lips, and external genitals and is responsible for detecting fine touch?

 

tactile corpuscles

Olfactory information is first processed in the olfactory bulb. Where does it go next?

olfactory cortex

What is the primary organ responsible for the sense of smell?

Olfactory epithelium

Which part of the brain is responsible for the conscious perception of taste, processing information received from the tongue?

the gustatory cortex

What are the four primary taste sensations?

Bitter, sweet, pungent, and umami

Which lingual papillae are found along the lateral margins of the tongue?

foliate

The ___  is the area of the eye that lacks photoreceptors, thereby causing the blind spot.

optic disc

What is the avascular, transparent anterior portion of the fibrous tunic of the eye?

cornea

What region of the vascular tunic is found in the posterior aspect of the eye and houses a vast network of capillaries to supply the retina?

choroid

What fills the posterior cavity of the eye?

vitreous humor

What strong, deformable and elastic, transparent, bi-convex disc that allows the light passing through the pupil to be focused on the retina?

lens

What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye, the most anterior, is a pigmented adjustable ring that determines the amount of light passing into the eye?

iris

What structures attach the lens (via the lens capsule) to the muscles that change its shape?

ciliary zonules

As pressure waves pass from the oval window to the round window, the hair cells of the ___ depolarize.

spiral organ

What do we call the bony space holding the inner ear?

bony labyrinth

What are the cupulae and what do they detect?

They are part of the semicircular canals that detect rotational movements

Which cranial nerves carry sensations from baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic sinus to the brain?

IX and X

What is the technical term for the sense of taste? What is the technical term for the sense of smell?

olfaction

What receptor type detects physical changes (e.g. compression or stretch) of its plasma membrane?

Mechanoreceptor

What receptor type detects chemicals from damaged cells (interpreted as pain)?

Nociceptor

What type of pain occurs when pain from viscera is experienced in dermatomes within the skin rather than in the viscera itself?

referred pain

Which tactile receptor is involved in sensing skin stretch and distortion of the dermis?

bulbous corpuscles

The axons of olfactory neurons pass through the ___ bone on their way to the brain.

cribrform plate of the ethmoid

Which part of the brain is responsible for the conscious perception of taste, processing information received from the tongue?

the gustatory cortex

Taste buds are found on all of the following papillae types except:

filiform

What is the technical term of the posterior portion of the eye where neurons of the optic nerve form a round structure often referred to as the blind spot
because of its lack of photoreceptors?

optic disc

What do we call the epithelial lining over the eye (other than the cornea) and the inside of the eyelids that helps to lubricate the eye?

conjunctiva

The structure of the eye that produces aqueous humor is the ___.

ciliary body

Functionally, Golgi tendon organs, muscle spindles, and joint capsule receptors are most accurately classified as:

proprioceptors

Which type of tactile receptor is abundant in stratum basale of the epidermis and responsible for fine touch?

tactile discs

What term describes the loss of the ability to smell?

Anosmia

Which lingual papillae are most numerous and found all across the dorsum of the tongue?

fungiform

What round, pigmented area, containing a high density of cones (no rods), is located lateral to the blind spot on the posterior wall of the eye?

macula lutea

What layer of the eye, also referred to as the neural tunic, contains photoreceptors?

 

retina

The middle layer of the eye is the ___

vascular layer

What do we call the epithelial lining over the eye (other than the cornea) and the inside of the eyelids that helps to lubricate the eye?

conjunctiva

What is the technical term for the funnel-shaped membrane that vibrates like a drum in response to pressure waves?

tympanic membrane

Choose the answer that places the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear through the inner ear in the correct order:

1. tympanic membrane

   • incus

   • malleus

   • round window

   • oval window

   • stapes

1, 3, 2, 6, 5, 4

What do we call the half-circle shaped structures of the ear responsible for rotational equilibrium?

 

semi-circular canals

Which cranial nerve carries impulses from the inner ear to the brain?

VIII

What fills the anterior cavity of the eye?

aqueous humor

What structure connects the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx, allowing use to equalize the pressure of the middle ear with the external pressure?

auditory tube

What are the otolith organs and what do they detect?

They include the utricle and saccule and detect linear accelerations

Which of the following possess chemoreceptors sensitive to changes in pH, CO_2, and O₂ of arterial blood?

Carotid bodies, Aortic bodies

Which tactile receptor contributes to the sense of touch by detecting temperature and pain?

 

free nerve endings

The least numerous but the largest of the papillae are arranged as a V-shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue are called _____ papillae.

vallate

What openings drain tears from the eye into small canals leading medially?

 

lacrimal puncta

To what does the malleus attach?

tympanum

Which cranial nerves carry sensations from baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic sinus to the brain?

 

IX and X