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brainstorming
-an idea-generating process in which group members offer whatever ideas they wish before any are debated.
nominal group technique (NGT)
-an idea-generating process in which group members generate their initial ideas silently and independently and then combine them and consider them as a group.
ideawriting
-an idea generating process in which members independently list their own ideas and then systematically evaluate one another's ideas before they are considered by the group
unanimous consensus
-uncontested support for a decision -- sometimes the only option in a group's decision-making process
stalemate
-an outcome where members opinions are so sharply divided that consensus is impossible to achieve.
false consensus
-an outcome where some members of a group say they support the unanimous decision even though they do not.
majority rule
-a decision-making process that follows the will of the majority.
minority rule
-a decision-making process in which a small number of members makes a decision on behalf of the group.
expert opinion
-recommendations of individuals who have expertise in a particular area that are sometimes the basis of a group's decision-making process.
authority rule
-a decision-making process in which the leader of the group makes the decisions.
traits
-defining characteristics of a person that are often relatively enduring and not easily changeable.
physical traits
-the body's physical attributes
psychosocial traits
-characteristics of one's personality and ways of relating to others.
extroversion
-a personality trait shared by people who are friendly, assertive, and outgoing with others.
introversion
-a personality trait shared by people who are shy, reserved and aloof.
communication apprehension
-anxiety or dear about communicating with others.
democratic style
-a leadership style in which every member of a group has the right to participate in decision making.
autocratic style
-a leadership style in which leaders see themselves as having both the authority and the responsibility to take action on a group's behalf.
laissez-faire style
-a leadership style in which leaders offer minimal supervision.
power
-a ability to influence or control people or events.
reward power
-a form of power based on the leader's ability to reward another for doing what the leader says.
coercive power
-a form of power that comes from the ability to punish.
referent power
-a form of power that derives from attraction to the leader.
legitimate power
-a form of power in which leaders status or position gives them the right to make requests with which others must comply.
expert power
-a form of power that stems from having expertise in a particular area.
informational power
-a form of power that stems from the ability to control access to information.
competing style
-a style for managing conflict that represents a high concern for the self but a low concern for the other party.
avoiding style
-a style for managing conflict that represents a low concern for both the self and the other party.
accommodating style
-a style for managing conflict that represents a high concern for the other party but a low concern for the self.
compromising style
-a style for managing conflict that represents a moderate concern for everyone's needs and desires.
collaborating style
-a style for managing conflict that represents a high concern for the self and for the other.
groupthink
-a situation in which group members seek unanimous agreement despite their individual doubts.
