Unit 1 Exam: ACC Purcell History 1301

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Virginia

London Company, Corporate to Royal, Economic reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Plymouth

Pilgrims, Corporate, religious reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Massachusetts Bay

Puritans, Corporate, Religious and economic reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Maryland

Calvert Family, Proprietary, Religious reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Rhode Island

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, Corporate, religious reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Connecticut

Thomas Hooker and Puritans, Corporate, economic reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Carolinas

Anthony Ashley Cooper and 7 more, Proprietary to Royal, economic reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: New York

Dutch founded 1613 - Duke of York took over, Proprietary to Royal, conquest from the Dutch

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: New Jersey

Dutch founded 1613 - Berkeley and Carteret took over, proprietary to Royal, conquest from the Dutch

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: New Hampshire

Settlers from Massachusetts, Royal, Political reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Pennsylvania

William Penn, Proprietary, Religious reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Delaware

Swedes settle - Dutch conquer - Attached to PA in own assembly, Proprietary, political reasons

Who founded the colony? What type of colony is it? Why was it founded?: Georgia

James Oglethorpe, proprietary to royal, economic and political reasons

Who did the French send to the New World? And what did they seek?

Jacques Cartier and Giovanni da Verrazzano

the French sought gold, to convert Native Americans, and to get involved with fur trading

French Population coming to North America is very _______ which puts them at a disadvantage in the French-Indian War

small

Where do the French fur traders meet Natives for fur trading? What is this place called?

in the middle of a river, rendezvous point

Why are the French more popular than the British to the Indians?

French do not stay and occupy land. The British stay and occupy land for farming

What is the group of Indians that beats the Iroquois with the help of their French allies?

Algonquin

What is the group of Indians that were beaten by the French and the Algonquins and ended up siding with the British in the Seven Years War?

Iroquois

Where did the French establish a prescence in the New World?

along Mississippi up through the St. Lawrence river

Who did England see as a threat to colonial aspirations? Why?

Spain because they defended Catholicism England was jealous of their gold and prosperity in the New World

What terms describe 16th century England?

protestant and nationalistic

Why did England see Catholicism as a foreign institution?

Masses in are in Latin, Priests not English, taxes/tithes go to the Vatican 

Why did Henry VIII start the Church of England? What did he do after?

He needed to annul his marriage to secure a male heir. After he declared himself head of the Church of England.

How do Catholicism and Anglicanism differ? How are they similar?

Anglicanism differs in its English identity, similar in theology

What was the Act of Supremacy? What its effect?

Henry VIII sells former Catholic Church land to English Noblemen. It solidified the English Reformation and caused noblemen to switch from Catholicism to Anglicanism, almost as a bribe

After Henry VIII’s death, what did his advisors do to the Church of England?

Steered it further away from Catholicism

What monarch came after Henry VIII? What did she do to England?

Mary I, steers England back to Catholicism

Who did Elizabeth’s Church of England include? What did it look for?

Most Englishmen, occasional conformity

Who were the only Englishmen excluded from Elizabeth’s Church of England?

Catholics and Pilgrims

What did Elizabeth change in the Church of England?

made separate theology, declares herself head, removed foreign priests, made service English with English clergy

What were the English ships that attacked Spanish treasure ships to secure gold?

Sea Dogs

Who’s marriage proposal did Elizabeth never accept r deny?

Phillip II

After waiting for Elizabeth to accept his wedding proposal for 30 years, what did Phillip II do?

Sent the Spanish armada to attack the English

How did the English manage to beat the Spanish armada?

English ships are smaller, faster, have longer range guns, and had favorable weather 

Who were two notable English commanders that fought against the Spanish armada?

Sir Francis Drake and John Hawkins

English vs Spanish Armada: The Spanish anchor to pick up army in Holland, English Fire ships make them cut anchor, armada blows north and get destroyed near _______.

Scotland

Who do the English unite around as a national identity?

Queen Elizabeth I

Elizabeth’s ____________ before armada battle shows how she does a great job of making her subjects loyal and rally around her

speech at Tilbury

Why did Elizabeth I conquer Ireland?

they are a “backdoor to England”, Catholic, friendly with Spain

Who was to Ireland as governor to maintain control?

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

What happened to Irish land owners once England move in?

pushed off land and became tenants of English noblemen who move in

Who did the English hire to occupy Ireland? Who did they eventually become?

Scottish, Scots Irish

Who did Elizabeth grant the charter to settle outer banks (1st attempt at settling new world)? What happened?

Sir Walter Raleigh

Colony failed because it was geographically situated in a bad position and had Indian problems, Turned around and go home pretty quickly

Why did Roanoke (2nd English attempt to settle New World) fail?

English were occupied with fighting Spanish Armada

What happened to Roanoke? Why?

Nobody knows, very little evidence

Who was the first English child born in the New World?

Virginia Dare

What are the four reasons for English immigration to the New World?

I. Rising Population

II. Rising Land Prices

III. Quest for Religious Freedom

IV. Many Englishmen desired better economic and social position

Why was the rising population in England a reason for immigration to the New World?

Needed elbow room, not enough jobs

What two nations had immigration to the new world because of rising population?

England and Spain

Who did not have a population to support colonies in the new world?

Vikings

Why was there a rising population in England 16th century?

Diseases not as bad compared to Middle Ages, Columbian Exchange

Why were English land prices rising forcing many to immigrate to new world?

Enclosure Movement put people out of work

Why did people find the need to immigrate to the new world in terms of religion?

Under Henry VIII, lots of people are upset on both extreme ends of the theological spectrum. So, they immigrate to the new world to openly practice, enforce, etc their religion

What type of company was the London Company?

Joint Stock Company

Who were the two groups involved in the London Company? What were their roles?

I. Investors: middle class, small land owners, beginning of the merchant class hoping to make more money, did not travel to the new world

II. Settlers: lower class people trying to move up in society, travelled to the new world

Where was Jamestown?

inland on the Chesapeake Bay on James River

Jamestown built more ____ than _____ around the town to fend off Indians

forts, houses

Where was Jamestown geographically situated? Why was this bad?

Situated in a hot, muggy, swamp which was not good for agriculture and spread disease

Why did Jamestown not go well?

I. Poor geographic conditions

II. Suffered from poor leadership

III. Disease

IV. Indians often attacked as they were angered by England settling their land

The Jamestown era is known as the _______ ______in Virginia for Indian warfare, starvation, and disease

starving time

What was the economic salvation of Virginia? Why?

tobacco, because it became very popular in Europe during the early 1600s  

Who seized control of the Virginia colony and organized Tobacco production?

John Rolf

Because Tobacco is a labor intensive crop, _______ ______and eventually _______ were brought over to Virginia to work the fields

indentured servants, slaves

Virginia tobacco planters built ________ instead of drying on the ground which gave it a better taste than _______tobacco from the ______ and created a great demand for Virginia tobacco

smokehouses, Spanish, Indies

Virginian tobacco was very profitable early on and created the first population of _________ _________.

wealthy Virginians

Most Virginians were _____ ______settlers causing a 6:1 ratio between men and women

single male

Why did the English avoid intermarrying with the Indians?

They were race conscious

Why did the Spanish intermarry with the Indians?

They were not race conscious

Indentured Servants were used in Virginia and in North America as primary source of labor from 1607 to ____

1676

Who were indentured servants?

Lower class people from England with 4-7 year terms of work to pay off cost of crossing the Atlantic, After term given plow and often 50 acres of land to start land

were poor in temporary status

were independent and free, like those values

Not slaves, have certain protections under the law and have rights

Eventually would become an independent person

Why did Virginia have a high mortality rate?

disease, Indian wars, and poor working conditions

What was the Good Friday Attack? Why was it significant?

Indians attack Virginia on Good Friday, 1622 and kill 347 Virginians

There were only 1240 English to begin with in Virginia so ¼ of population wiped out from this attack

What are the three types of Colonial Government?

corporate, royal, proprietary

What is a corporate colonial government?

corporation appointed governor who the owned land

What is a royal colonial government?

King appoints governor and sells land away

What is a proprietary colonial government?

proprietor (one man or a family) given the land by the king, appoints governor and sells land

Who often became proprietors during the English colonial period?

people who assisted monarchy in the English Civil War

Why did Virginia switch from a corporate to royal colony in 1624?

investors requested James I to revoke the charter

Why did the investors request James I to revoke the Virginia charter? Why were investors losing money?

Virginia went bankrupt. Tobacco was sent and smuggled to wherever it was profitable

Why did Charles I grant Cecil and George Calvert to settle Maryland?

Charles I granted the charter to Calvert as he was Catholic and wanted to help persecuted Catholics escaping Oliver Cromwell after English civil war

What did the Maryland colony pass protecting all Christians in order to protect Catholics?

Proclamation of religious freedom (1649)

Besides those seeking freedom from religious freedom, who else settled Maryland?

Some Virginia emigrants

Why were Virginia and Maryland very similar?

both had tobacco, a rural plantation based society, and indentured servants

What were the only two differences between Maryland and Virginia?

I. Maryland had more women than Virginia

II. Maryland was a proprietary colony while Virginia was a corporate then Royal colony

Who were Pilgrims?

extreme Protestants believed the Church of England had too many Catholic aspects and were separate from the Church of England

Because of persecution from James I (Anglican King), the Pilgrims leave from Holland and England to the New World on ________ to seek religious freedom

The Mayflower

Why did the Pilgrims land in Plymouth when they were supposed to land in Jamestown?

They sucked at navigation

Who led the Pilgrims?

William Bradford

Why did the pilgrims sign the Mayflower Compact?

had to form government since they were outside the reach of the Virginia government

In Plymouth, 41 Pilgrims led by William Bradford formed and signed the ______ ______, a self governing body signed by 41 men

Mayflower Compact

Why did the Pilgrims get along with the Indians?

There were so few Pilgrims that the Natives were not bothered

Who taught the Pilgrims hunting and agriculture?

Squanto

Who were the Puritans?

extreme Protestants who believed in Calvinism which predestined some people to salvation and condemned others to eternal damnation regardless of their earthly lives

Were the Puritans inside the Church of England

Yes but barely

The Puritans thought God was dissatisfied with England. They saw Charles I and James I as corrupt and wanted to “____ _____ ____” aka reform the Church of England

purify the Church

The Puritans hated Charles I and ran _______during the Interregnum period of the English Civil War

parliament

The Puritans were in the Church of England and less extreme than _______ who were outside of the Church of England

Pilgrims

Puritans do not like people who believe in the same way they do and executed _______

Quakers

The Massachusetts Bay colony consisted of middle class people in ____ _____ _____.

nuclear family units