Exam 1 Study Materials

what type of bond holds monomers together in a macromolecule

covalent bonds

what is the molecular shape of a water molecule

bent

the bond angle in water (104.5) is less than 109.5 because

lone pairs compress the bonding angle

what property allows water to dissolve many ionic compounds

polarity and the ability to form hydration shells

what is the optimal geometry for a strong hydrogen bond

linear arrangement

why is water referred to as the “universal solvent'“

it i the most abundant solvent on earth

which term is used when a substance is solvated by water

hydration

the major reason butane is insoluble in water is because it is

nonpolar

which of the following substances is most likely to dissolve in water

glycerol

what does solvation mean

surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules

bulk water is characterized by

random orientation and high entropy

negative deltaG indicates

a spontaneous and favorable process

when hydrophobic molecules aggregate in water, what happens to S for the water molecules?

it increases due to disordered

the hydrophobic effect results in water molecules

returning to the bulk phase to increase entropy

where are the hydrophobic amino acids typically found in a folded globular protein

in the interior, away from water

which of the following factors affects the solubility of a gas in water

temperature

partial pressure of the gas

identity of the gas

adding solute to a solvent generally causes the vapor pressure to

decrease

a red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will

shrink

if pure water is used as an IV fluid, what could happen to the patients cells

cells would swell and possibly burst

according to henrys law, the concentration of a dissolved gas is directly proportional to

the partial pressure of the gas above the solution

what does the variable x typically represent when solving an ice table for the ionization of pure water

the concentration of H+ or OH- ions

at neutral pH, which of the following statements is true

the concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions are equal

which amino acid has a hydroxyl group on its side chain

threonine

what is the one letter code for glutamine

Q

which amino acid is considered beta branched

valine

which part of an amino acid is unique and distinguishes one from another

R group (side chain)

what type of functional group does the side chain of asparagine contain

amide

which condition results in an amino acid having a net negative charge

at a pH above its pI

which of the following methods relies directly on pI values for separation

isoelectric focusing

which of the following pH values would result in deprotonation of both the amino and carboxyl groups of an amino acid

9.5

which amino acid has 3 ionizable groups and a basic side chain

arginine

a zwitterion has

equal positive and negative charges

what is a commonly used method to purify proteins based on solubility

salting out

which condition would favor protein precipitation during salting out

high salt concentration

what does the term salting in refer to

enhancing protein solubility at low salt

what is a benefit of affinity chromatography

high specificity for target proteins

what does the term eluate refer to in chromatography

material that exits the column

what interaction is strongest in stabilizing tertiary protein structure

covalent disulfide bridges

folding in alpha helices reduces

entropy

which of the following interactions is most responsible for stabilizing alpha helices

hydrogen bonds

protein function is most directly tied to

structure

which of the following forces is least likely to determine protein tertiary structure

coordinate covalent bonding

what is the direction of peptide synthesis in SPPS

C to N terminus