mitochondria

What double-membraned organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria.

What is the function of the outer membrane of the mitochondria?

Separates mitochondrial contents from the rest of the cell and creates a specialized compartment for aerobic respiration.

What allows the outer mitochondrial membrane to be permeable to small molecules and ions?

The presence of porins.

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur within the mitochondria?

Inner mitochondrial membrane.

What structures are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase the surface area for oxidative phosphorylation?

Cristae projections.

What is generated in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?

High concentration of protons by the electron transport chain (ETC).

Why does the concentration gradient of protons increase quickly across the mitochondrial membrane?

The volume of the intermembrane space is very small.

What fluid fills the compartment inside the inner mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria?

Matrix.

What cycles occur in the mitochondrial matrix?

Krebs cycle.

What key feature allows mitochondria to self-replicate?

They have their own DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomes.

How is ATP produced in mitochondria?

Through aerobic respiration using glucose and oxygen.

What are the phases of cellular respiration that occur in mitochondria?

Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain.

What is the role of ribosomes in the mitochondria?

To synthesize unfolded proteins from mRNA.

What is TOM in the context of mitochondrial protein transport?

Translocase of outer membrane.

What happens to unfolded proteins in the intermembrane space of mitochondria?

Chaperone proteins help to fold them into functional (active) proteins.