Automotive History, Components, Tools, and LTO Traffic Regulations

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering automotive history, vehicle systems, mechanic tools, and Land Transportation Office (LTO) traffic signs and markings.

Karl Benz

Inventor who created the first gasoline-powered automobile in 1885 and patented it in 1886.

Henry Ford

Industrialist who introduced the assembly line in 1913, revolutionizing vehicle production and making cars affordable.

Engine

The heart of the vehicle that converts fuel into mechanical energy.

Pistons

Engine components that move up and down to create power.

Crankshaft

An engine component that converts linear motion into rotational motion.

Camshaft

An engine component that controls the opening and closing of the engine's valves.

Transmission

A vehicle system that transfers power from the engine to the wheels, allowing drivers to control speed and torque.

Shock Absorbers

Suspension system components that dampen the impact of bumps.

Disc Brakes

Braking components that provide better stopping power and heat dissipation.

Alternator

An electrical component that charges the battery while the engine is running.

Torque Wrench

A tool used to tighten bolts to a specific torque specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

Breaker Bar

A tool that provides extra leverage for loosening very tight bolts and nuts.

Feeler Gauge

A tool used to measure small gaps or clearances, such as valve or spark-plug gaps.

OBD-II Scanner

A device that connects to a vehicle's diagnostic system to read and clear trouble codes.

Compression Tester

A diagnostic tool that measures engine cylinder compression to help diagnose engine problems.

Brake Bleeder Kit

A tool used to remove air from a vehicle's hydraulic brake system.

Regulatory Signs

Traffic signs that inform motorists of traffic laws and regulations, where disregard constitutes an offense.

Clearview

The official typeface used for road traffic signs in the Philippines.

R.A. 8750

The Seat Belt Law, pursuant to which the Use Seat Belt sign is displayed.

Warning Signs

Traffic signs, usually designed as upward triangles outlined in red, that warn drivers and pedestrians of road hazards.

Hazard Markers

Signs consisting of a sequence of red arrows (chevron signs) that signal drivers to follow the direction of a road bend or obstruction.

Double Solid Yellow Lines

A barrier pavement marking indicating that drivers should never cross to pass another vehicle unless permitted.

Do Not Block Intersection Lines

A pavement marking consisting of a yellow box with an X inside formed by diagonal lines to keep intersections clear.

Rumble Strips

Thermoplastic lane markings designed to produce a humming sound and bumpy ride to provide visual, audio, and motion warnings.

Term,Definition

Who invented the first gasoline-powered automobile?,Karl Benz invented the first gasoline-powered automobile in 1885.

When did Karl Benz patent the first gasoline-powered automobile?,1886.

What did Henry Ford introduce in 1913?,The assembly line.

What effect did the assembly line have on vehicle production?,It changed vehicle production and helped make cars more affordable and accessible.

What are the three main developments vehicles evolved into as technology improved?,Electric vehicles hybrid vehicles and autonomous driving systems.

What happened in 1886 (key milestone)?,Karl Benz patents the first gasoline-powered automobile.

What happened in 1908 (key milestone)?,Ford introduces the Model T.

What happened in the 1950s (key milestone)?,American muscle cars rise and safety features are introduced.

What happened in the 1970s (key milestone)?,The oil crisis increases focus on fuel efficiency and smaller cars.

What happened in the 2000s (key milestone)?,Electric vehicles and hybrid technology emerge.

Memory trick for automotive history milestones,BENZ then FORD then MUSCLE then FUEL then ELECTRIC.

What was Nikola Tesla's major contribution?,Development and promotion of the AC (alternating current) power system.

What are Nikola Tesla's important inventions/work?,Induction motor Tesla coil polyphase AC system and early wireless technology.

Memory trick for Nikola Tesla,Tesla = AC + Motor + Coil + Wireless.

What is the main function of the engine?,It converts fuel into mechanical energy; it is called the heart of the vehicle.

What does the piston do?,It moves up and down and creates power.

What does the crankshaft do?,It converts linear motion into rotational motion.

What does the camshaft do?,It controls the opening and closing of the engine's valves.

Memory trick for engine parts,Piston = Power Crankshaft = Converts motion Camshaft = Controls valves.

What is the function of the transmission?,It transfers power from the engine to the wheels and lets the driver control speed and torque.

What are the two types of transmission?,Automatic and manual.

Easy memory flow for power delivery,Engine then Transmission then Wheels.

What are the functions of the suspension system?,It supports the vehicle's weight and absorbs shocks from the road.

What do shock absorbers do?,They dampen the impact of bumps.

What do springs do in the suspension system?,They support vehicle weight and provide stability.

Memory trick for suspension parts,Shock Absorber = Bumps Spring = Support + Stability.

What is the function of the braking system?,It allows the driver to slow down and stop the vehicle.

What are the advantages of disc brakes?,They provide better stopping power and better heat dissipation.

What are drum brakes known for?,They are common in older vehicles and use friction to slow down the wheels.

Memory trick for brake types,DISC = Better stopping + Heat DRUM = Older + Friction.

What does the electrical system power in a vehicle?,Lights infotainment systems and sensors.

What does the battery do in the electrical system?,It stores electrical energy.

What does the alternator do?,It charges the battery while the engine is running.

Memory trick for electrical system,Battery = Stores Alternator = Charges.

Why is an oil change important?,It is important for engine health it provides lubrication and helps prevent wear.

What is the purpose of tire rotation?,It promotes even tire wear.

What does alignment help with?,It helps the vehicle drive straight and helps proper handling.

Why is a brake inspection important?,It checks whether the braking system works effectively and is important for safety.

What are the important fluids to check in a vehicle?,Coolant brake fluid and transmission fluid.

What do engine diagnostics do?,Modern vehicles have onboard diagnostics that can identify problems and regular diagnostics can help prevent major problems.

Quick memory for automotive services,Oil = Lubrication Tire Rotation = Even wear Alignment = Straight driving Brake Inspection = Safety Fluid Check = Performance Diagnostics = Find problems.

What is a car/floor/garage jack used for?,It lifts a vehicle so maintenance can be performed.

What is the difference between a hydraulic jack and a mechanical jack?,A hydraulic jack uses hydraulic power while a mechanical (crocodile) jack is a mechanical lifting device used to lift heavy loads.

What is a jack stand used for?,It is an adjustable stand used to support an automobile that has been raised by a jack.

What is an oil drain used for?,It is used for the storage of used oils.

What is the function of a socket wrench/ratchet?,It tightens and loosens nuts and bolts quickly.

What is the function of a combination wrench?,It tightens/loosens nuts and bolts where a socket may not fit.

What is the function of a torque wrench?,It tightens bolts to a specific torque.

What is the function of a screwdriver?,It installs/removes screws.

What is the function of pliers?,They grip hold bend or cut wires/small components.

What is the function of needle-nose pliers?,They handle small parts/wires in tight spaces.

What is the function of an adjustable wrench?,It is used for different sizes of nuts and bolts.

What is the function of a breaker bar?,It provides extra leverage for very tight bolts/nuts.

What is the function of a spark plug socket?,It removes/installs spark plugs.

What is the function of an oil filter wrench?,It removes oil filters.

What is the function of a car/hydraulic jack?,It raises the vehicle from the ground.

What is the function of a jack stand (tool table)?,It supports a raised vehicle.

What is the function of a tire pressure gauge?,It measures tire air pressure.

What is the function of a multimeter?,It measures voltage resistance and current.

What is the function of an OBD-II scanner?,It reads and clears trouble codes.

What is the function of a feeler gauge?,It measures small gaps/clearances.

What is the function of a compression tester?,It measures engine cylinder compression.

What is the function of a test light?,It checks if electrical power is present.

What is the function of a brake bleeder kit?,It removes air from the hydraulic brake system.

What is the function of a funnel?,It transfers liquids without spilling.

Very important memory: Torque Wrench,Specific torque.

Very important memory: Breaker Bar,Extra leverage.

Very important memory: Car Jack,Raises vehicle.

Very important memory: Jack Stand,Supports vehicle.

Very important memory: Tire Pressure Gauge,Tire pressure.

Very important memory: Multimeter,Electrical values.

Very important memory: OBD-II Scanner,Trouble codes.

Very important memory: Feeler Gauge,Small gaps.