glands that regulate your body

What hormones does the thyroid gland make?

T3, T4 (metabolism) and Calcitonin (lowers calcium)

What do T3 and T4 do in the body?

Control metabolism, energy, heart rate, weight, temperature.

What stimulates the thyroid to release T3 and T4?

TSH from the anterior pituitary.

What is calcitonin's job?

Lowers blood calcium by storing it in bones.

Where is calcitonin made?

cells of the thyroid gland

What does the parathyroid gland make?

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)

What does PTH do?

Raises blood calcium by pulling it from bones, kidneys, and intestines.

What's the difference between PTH and calcitonin?

• PTH: Raises blood calcium (Breaks bone)

• Calcitonin: Lowers blood calcium (Builds bone)

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

On the back of the thyroid gland (usually 4 of them)

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?

Adrenal cortex (outer) and adrenal medulla (inner)

What does the adrenal cortex do?

Makes steroid hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and DHEA

What does the adrenal medulla do?

Releases fight-or-flight hormones: epinephrine & norepinephrine

What is the main stress hormone from the adrenal cortex?

Cortisol

What is the main hormone for salt & water balance (from cortex)?

Aldosterone

What is the memory trick for the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

GFR = Salt (Aldosterone), Sugar (Cortisol), Sex(DHEA)

Which hormones are responsible for fight or flight?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine (from adrenal medulla)

What are the two main hormones from the pancreas?

Insulin and glucagon

Which cells make glucagon?

Alpha cells

Which cells make insulin?

Beta cells

What does glucagon do?

Raises blood sugar by telling the liver to turn glycogen into glucose

What does insulin do?

Lowers blood sugar by helping glucose enter cells and get stored

When is glucagon released?

When blood sugar is too low (like during fasting)

When is insulin released?

When blood sugar is too high (like after eating)

Are glucagon and insulin opposites?

Yes - they balance blood sugar levels.

What hormone helps the body retain water and increase BP?

ADH

What hormone helps with uterine contractions

Oxytocin

What hormone triggers the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

ACTH (from anterior pituitary)

What hormone increases your metabolism?

13 and T4

What hormone saves sodium and water in the body?

Aldosterone

What hormone raises blood sugar during stress?

Cortisol

What does aldosterone do?

Saves sodium and water in the body, helps raise blood pressure.

What does cortisol do?

It's the stress hormone - gives you energy by raising blood sugar, helps your body deal with stress.

What is DHEA and what does it do?

A weak sex hormone that helps with libido (especially in women); made in small amounts by the adrenal cortex.