thyroid nodules, cysts, cancers

goiter: due to, caused by (3), m/f, symptoms (3), appearance

hyperplasia of follicular epithelium, insufficient iodine, grave’s, thyroiditis, f, dyspnea, dysphagia, enlargement of anterior neck, enlarged with many iso nodules

nodular hyperplasia aka

goiter

colloid nodule aka

adenoma

most common nodular thyroid disease

adenoma

adenoma: b/m, m/f, appearance

b, f, nodule with thin hypo halo

benign follicular adenoma: m/f, ultrasound appearance

f, solid mass of any echogenicity, thin and well defined hypo halo, may become cystic

thyroid cysts: types (2), appearance

colloid cyst, degenerated adenoma, round or oval cyst with discrete margins, may hemorrhage and become complex

most common thyroid cancer, occurs in … or … cells

papillary carcinoma, follicular, parafollicular

benign nodule appearance characteristics (5)

sharp margins, any echogenicity, thin complete halo, peripheral calcifications, peripheral vascularity

malignant nodule appearance characteristics (5)

poor margins, hypoechoic, thick irregular halo, microcalcification, hypervascular

papillary carcinoma: b/m, m/f, appearance, main mets area

m, f, hypoechoic with microcalcs and hypervascularity, cervical lymph nodes

follicular adenocarcinoma: b/m, m/f, types (2), appearance, dd

m, f, minimally invasive/encapsulated, widely invasive/unencapsulated, hypo mass with irregular margins and a thick irregular halo, chaotic internal vascularity, follicular adenoma

medullary carcinoma: associated with, secretion of… (hormone), appearance, dd

multiple endocrine neoplasia, calcitonin, very coarse/micro calcs, hypoechoic, papillary carcinoma

anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: pop (age), appearance

elderly, rapidly enlarging hypo mass with thyroid enlargement

in nuc med, nodules that appear HOT are usually… (b/m)

benign