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Virtue Ethics
emphasizes the cultivation of moral character through the practice of virtues.
Telos
refers to the 'end,' 'purpose,' or 'goal' of an action or life.
Instrumental Ends
Three Kinds of Telos
Used to achieve something beyond themselves (e.g., money for purchasing goods).
Final Ends
Three Kinds of Telos
Goals that are the outcome of a series of actions (e.g., satisfaction of hunger).
Supreme Ends
Three Kinds of Telos
Unconditionally final ends chosen for their own sake (e.g., eudaimonia).
Eudaimonia
Derived from 'eu' (good) and 'daimon' (spirit), eudaimonia signifies a state of flourishing or well-being.
Relation to Happiness
Happiness is not merely pleasure but is linked to rationality and virtue.
Arete (Virtue)
refers to excellence or virtue, derived from the Latin word meaning 'perfection of man.'
Intellectual Virtues
Types of Virtues
Related to knowledge and understanding.
Moral Virtues
Types of Virtues
Pertaining to character and actions.
The Golden Mean
Virtue is found between two extremes (vices), which are deficiency and excess.
Importance of Friendship (Philoi)
is essential for happiness and can be understood in terms of both quality and quantity.
Practical Wisdom (Phronesis)
The ability to discern the appropriate course of action in specific situations, crucial for navigating the complexities of the Golden Mean.
Akrasia
Weakness of will, the inability to control one's impulses and act in accordance with reason. Aristotle considers this a significant obstacle to achieving eudaimonia.
Indulged, Insensible
Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue
Temperance
Extravagant, Stinginess
Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue
Generosity
Impulsive, Indecisive
Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue
Proper Control
Loquacity, Secrecy
Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue
Honesty
Irascibility, Irascibility
Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue
Good Temper
Boastfulness, Mock Modesty
Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue
Truthfulness