Ethics Module 5 - Virtue Ethics and Aristotle's Moral Philosophy

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20 Terms

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Virtue Ethics

emphasizes the cultivation of moral character through the practice of virtues.

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Telos

  • refers to the 'end,' 'purpose,' or 'goal' of an action or life.


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Instrumental Ends

Three Kinds of Telos

Used to achieve something beyond themselves (e.g., money for purchasing goods).

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Final Ends

Three Kinds of Telos

Goals that are the outcome of a series of actions (e.g., satisfaction of hunger).

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Supreme Ends

Three Kinds of Telos

Unconditionally final ends chosen for their own sake (e.g., eudaimonia).

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Eudaimonia

Derived from 'eu' (good) and 'daimon' (spirit), eudaimonia signifies a state of flourishing or well-being.

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Relation to Happiness

Happiness is not merely pleasure but is linked to rationality and virtue.

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Arete (Virtue)

refers to excellence or virtue, derived from the Latin word meaning 'perfection of man.'

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Intellectual Virtues

Types of Virtues

Related to knowledge and understanding.

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Moral Virtues

Types of Virtues

Pertaining to character and actions.

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The Golden Mean

Virtue is found between two extremes (vices), which are deficiency and excess.

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Importance of Friendship (Philoi)

is essential for happiness and can be understood in terms of both quality and quantity.

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Practical Wisdom (Phronesis)

The ability to discern the appropriate course of action in specific situations, crucial for navigating the complexities of the Golden Mean.

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Akrasia

Weakness of will, the inability to control one's impulses and act in accordance with reason. Aristotle considers this a significant obstacle to achieving eudaimonia.

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Indulged, Insensible

Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue

Temperance

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Extravagant, Stinginess

Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue

Generosity

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Impulsive, Indecisive

Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue

Proper Control

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Loquacity, Secrecy

Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue

Honesty

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Irascibility, Irascibility

Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue

Good Temper

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Boastfulness, Mock Modesty

Give the excess and deficiency of the virtue

Truthfulness