Essential Network Diagnostic Commands for Windows & Linux

ping

Checks reachability of a remote host (Windows & Linux)

ipconfig

Display TCP/IP configuration settings (Windows)

ifconfig

Display TCP/IP configuration settings (Linux)

nslookup

Obtain domain name to IP mapping (Windows & Linux)

tracert

Display the route packets take to a destination (Windows)

traceroute

Display the route packets take to a destination (Linux)

arp

Resolve IP to MAC address; display ARP table (Windows & Linux)

netstat

Show active network connections (Windows & Linux)

route

Display routing table (Windows & Linux)

telnet

Unencrypted CLI access to remote host (Windows & Linux)

tcpdump

Capture packets on the network (Linux; WinDump on Windows)

nmap

Discover hosts and open ports on a network (Windows & Linux)