Bio Test - Cell Transport

Diffusion

a substance going from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Osmosis

the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Osmotic Pressure

water creating pressure as it moves towards a hypertonic solution (in animal cells)

in humans, osmotic pressure is called “blood pressure”

Turgor Pressure

the swelling of a plant cell due to the pressure of water either entering or leaving the plant cell

Plasmolysis

cells shrinking

(Crenation: red blood cells shrinking)

Hypertonic

higher solute concentration in a solution than in another solution

Hypotonic

lower solute concentration in a solution than in another solution

Isotonic

two solutions have the same concentration of solute

Phagocytosis

the process where cells engulf foreign substances (cell is “eating”)

Pinocytosis

the process where cells ingest liquid (cell is “drinking”)

Endocytosis

molecules are transported INTO cells

EX. white blood cells engulfing harmful anitgens

Exocytosis

molecules are transported OUT of cells

Solute

the substance being dissolved (ex. salt)

Solvent

the substance doing the dissolving (ex. water)

Facilitated Diffusion

polar molecules and ions going through the cell membrane with help from either a channel or carrier protein

Active Transport

the transport of molecules requiring energy

Passive Transport

the transport of molecules NOT requiring energy

Simple Diffusion

non-polar molecules going directly through a cell membrane

Interstitial Fluid

fluid outside of the cell

Concentration Gradient

the difference in concentration between two areas

All 6 types of proteins used in cell transport

Carrier Proteins (change shape and require energy)

Channel Proteins (do not require energy)

Cell Recognition Proteins (allow cells to identify themselves)

Receptor Proteins (all specific molecules to bind to them)

Enzymatic Proteins (catalyze a specific reaction)

Junction Proteins (join cells to preform a function)

Cytolosis

when a cell swells and bursts

Sodium - Potassium Pumps

pumps out 3 sodium ions into the ECF (extracellular fluid), and pumps 2 potassium ions into the cell

Na-K pumps set up the conditions to send or receive a message

This is “active transport” and requires energy (ATP)