The Nervous System

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53 Terms

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Thicker myelination

speeds up the transmission of impulses from stimulus to response.

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Cerebrospinal fluid

is located in the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.

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THC

acts as the body's own anandamide, which ‘ squirts dopamine.

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Myelanation

→ Speeds up the rate of transmission by insulating the axon.

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electrical charge

When a neurone is not conducting an impulse there is a difference in the across the plasma membrane.

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Synapse→ A synapse

is the junction between 2 nerve cells.

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Receptors

receive external stimuli and transfer information to effector organs via the nervous system or hormones (via blood)/

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Synaptic transmission

slows down reactions.

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Voltage

- gated sodium channels are closed but some potassium channels allow K+ to leak out of the axon.

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Dendrite → Thin

fibre carrying impulses towards the cell.

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higher concentration

There is a(n) of positively charged ions outside the cell than inside.

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Membranes

are hyperpolarised when more K+ ions move out than Na+ diffuse in.

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Animals

in cold habitats have big axons to compensate for the temperature.

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Sensory receptors

also act as transducers.

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synaptic cleft

There is a gap () of around 20nm between cells, and chemicals called neurotransmitters diffuse across it.

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dendrites

Connectors are called .

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Nerves

are bundles of neurons (which contain axons) enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue.

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Warm

- blooded animals transmit impulses more quickly and have faster responses.

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LSD

Sometimes can excite receptors and sometimes it can inhibit the receptors.

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Impulses

are generated when Na+ and K+ change the balance of ions.

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Neurons

- ELongated cells consisting of cell body and long, thin axons.

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locomotion

They can contract, perform , hunt and feed without a brain.

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Dopamine

floods the brain and gives a euphoric sensation.

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Nerve nets

are the simplest type of nervous system.

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Synapses

are in the grey matter.

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Polysynaptic Reflex

- These involve more than one synapse and connecting relay interneurons between sensory and motor neurons e.g hand- withdrawal reflex.

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Nissl Granules → Cytoplasmic granules

comprising ribosomes grouped on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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motor neurons

Some nerves contain both sensory and .

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White matter →

has a myelin sheath around the neurons.

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simple reflex involves

A(n) neurons in the PNS and the spinal cord and often occurs before the conscious brain is aware of it.

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Peripheral nervous system

(PNS)- Nerves that come off the spinal cord.

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Nervous system

The enables us to gather, transmit and coordinate information.

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Membrane layers

3 - The meninges are 3 membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.

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Rod cells

detect dark and light.

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Ca2+

causes vesicles to move to the synaptic membrane.

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cell body

A(n) may have several dendrites.

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Acetylcholine + acetylcholinesterase →

ethanoic acid + choline.

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Meningitis

affect the meningies.

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Sodium Potassium pips

actively transport sodium ions out of the neurone and potassium ions into the neurone.

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Ganglion cells

are sensory cells that can detect stimuli e.g light, sound and touch.

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Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

are found within the brain or spinal cord and connected to voluntary muscles.

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reflex action

A(n) is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.

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sensory neurons

All have their cell bodies sitting outside the spinal cord dorsal root ganglions,

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Cerebrospinal fluid

acts as a cushion.

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LSD

resembles serotonin and elicits its effects by binding to serotonin receptors.

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Skin

Pain, Pressure, Temperature

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CNS

Brain and spinal cord

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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nerves that come off the spinal cord

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Monosynaptic reflex

only one synapse between a sensory neuron and motor neurone e.g knee jerk reflex

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Polysynaptic Reflex

These involve more than one synapse and connecting relay interneurons between sensory and motor neurons e.g hand-withdrawal reflex

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3 Membrane layers

The meninges are 3 membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord

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Fast

up to 120ms-1

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Neurons

ELongated cells consisting of cell body and long, thin axons