ch 15 test w/ jeopardy

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Acetabular

Pertaining to the acetabulum.

Achondroplasia

Inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size; achonodroplastic dwarfism.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem leading to progressive muscular paralysis; Lou Gehrig disease.

Ankylosis

Immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.

Arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of a joint to eliminate movement.

Arthroplasty

Surgical repair of a joint; total hip replacement and total knee replacement are examples.

Arthrotomy

Incision of a joint

Articular Cartilage

Smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together at a joint.

Articulation

Any type of joint.

Atrophy

Decrease in size of normally developed organ or tissue of the body; wasting away.

Bunion

Enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint); hallux valgus.

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa.

Bursa

Sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another. (plural = bursae)

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone).

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it passes through bones and tendons of the wrist.

Cartilage

Flexible, connective tissue often attached to bones at joints (articular cartilage).

Chondrocostal

Pertaining to cartilage that is attached to the ribs.

Chondroma

Tumor of cartilage; benign (non-cancerous).

Chondromalacia

Softening of cartilage.

Craniotome

Instrument to cut the skull (cranium).

Craniotomy

Incision of the skull.

Diaphysis

middle portion of long bone

Pubic

Pertaining to the anterior part of the pelvis

Pubic Symphysis

Junction of the two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis.

Radial

Pertaining to the radius, a bone in the lower arm (thumb side of the wrist).

Rhabdomyolysis

Breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle

Rhabdomyoma

Benign tumor of striated, voluntary muscle (attached to bones).

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Malignant tumor of striated, voluntary muscle

Rheumatologist

Medical doctor specializing in diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissues.

Sarcopenia

Loss of muscle mass and strength; associated with aging

Scapular

Pertaining to the shoulder blade

Scoliosis

Abnormal condition of lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.

-sclerosis

Hardening.

Spinal Stenosis

Narrowing of the neural (spinal) canal in the lumbar spine

Spondylolisthesis

Forward slipping (subluxation) of one vertebra over another.

Spondylosis

Abnormal condition of the spine (vertebral column) characterized by stiffness and fixation of vertebral joints.

Sternal

Pertaining to the sternum.

Subcostal

Pertaining to under the ribs.

Supraclavicular

Pertaining to above the clavicle (collar bone).

Synovitis

Inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the synovial joint

Synovial fluid

Viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity.

Synovial Membrane

Tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid.

Synovial Cavity

Space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane.

Synovial Joint

Freely movable joint.

Talipes

Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus); clubfoot

Tarsectomy

Removal of an ankle bone

Tendinosis

Abnormal condition of tendons.

Tendon

Fibrous, connective tissue binding muscles to bones.

Tenorrhaphy

Suture of a tendon.

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath or covering.

Tibial

Pertaining to the larger of the two lower leg bones (Tibia).

Ulnar

Pertaining to the ulna.

Vertebroplasty

Surgical repair of a vertebra.

Visceral

Pertaining to internal organs (viscera).

acetabul/o

acetabulum (hip socket)

ankyl/o

stiff

arthr/o; articul/o

joint

burs/o

bursa (sac of fluid near joints)

calc/o

calcium

calcane/o

calcaneus (heel bone)

calci/o

calcium

carp/o

wrist bones (carpals)

cervic/o

neck; cervix (neck of uterus)

chondr/o

cartilage

clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bone)

coccyg/o

coccyx (tailbone)

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

fasci/o

fascia (membrane supporting muscles)

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

fibr/o

fiber

fibul/o

fibula

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

ili/o

ilium

ischi/o

ischium (part of hip bone)

kyph/o

humpback

lamin/o

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

leiomy/o

smooth (visceral) muscle lining walls of internal organs

ligament/o

ligament

lord/o

curve; swayback

lumb/o

lower back; loin

malleol/o

malleolus

mandibul/o

mandible (lower jaw bone)

maxill/o

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

metacarp/o

metacarpals (hand bones)

metatars/o

metatarsals (foot bones)

my/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow

myocardi/o

myocardium; heart muscle

myos/o

muscle

olecran/o

olecranon (elbow)

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

patell/o

patella

ped/o

child; foot

pelv/o

pelvis; hip region

phalang/o

phalanges (of fingers and toes)