passive and active transport

biology 9H

factors of passive transport

require no energy

concentration gradient

the difference of the concentration in molecules

how do molecules move in the concentration gradient

from high to low concentration

what are the 3 types of passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

diffusion

movement from areas of high conc to low conc until the concs are even

equillibrium

balanced concs

osmosis

the diffusion of water through a membrane

what are the 3 solutions that osmosis can occur in

hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic

hypertonic

more dissolved substances outside the cell vs inside. (the water diffuses out of the cell to reach equilibrium which causes the cell to shrink)

hypotonic

less dissolved substances outside the cell vs inside. (the water diffuses into the cell to reach equilibrium which causes the cell to swell)

isotonic

same amount of dissolved substances outside vs inside. the cell stays the same size bc it’s already at equilibrium

facilitated diffusion

Transport proteins in the cell will open a channel so that specific molecules can pass thru the membrane. (they need a lil help)

factors of active transport

moved against the conc gradient with the help of transport proteins (therefore it requires energy, therefore it is active), from low to high conc

endocytosis

movement of large molecules (such as proteins) into the cell

what are the 2 types of endocytosis

phagocytosis, pinocytosis

phagocytosis

cytoplasm extends and surrounds a large particle and packages it as a food vacuole

pinocytosis

tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles in the cell

exocytosis

movement of large molecules (such as proteins) out of the cell