endogenic Processes

What are endogenic processes?

Geological processes formed below the Earth's surface. Includes tectonic movement, metamorphism, seismic activity, and magmatism.

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Magma: Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface

Lava: Magma that has reached the surface through a volcanic vent

Where else can lava be found aside from land?

At the bottom of oceans, in mid-ocean ridges, accounting for 75% of volcanic activity.

What are volcanites?

Igneous rocks formed from lava that cooled and crystallized on Earth’s surface.

What are endogenic processes?

Geological processes formed below the Earth's surface. Includes tectonic movement, metamorphism, seismic activity, and magmatism.

Where else can lava be found aside from land?

At the bottom of oceans, in mid-ocean ridges, accounting for 75% of volcanic activity.

How is magma formed?

Through partial melting of rocks due to changes in pressure or the addition of substances like water or CO₂.

What is decompression melting?

(same temperature but the pressure is reduced) This happens because the rock is being moved toward the surface, either at a mantle plume

What is flux melting?

Melting due to the addition of water or CO₂, lowering the melting point of the rock.

What happens to magma after it forms?

It moves upward because it's less dense, and may: Cool inside as intrusive rock Erupt and become lava

intrusion

Magma moves upward into Earth’s crust but does not erupt.

extrusion

Magma erupts through cracks, becomes lava, and forms land features like volcanoes.

plutonism

all sorts of igneous geological activities taking place below the Earth's surface. ( intrusive igneous rock/plutonite/plutonic rock)

plutonites

Igneous rocks formed from magma that solidified beneath Earth's surface (intrusive).

magma chamber

Magma stays in a pocket called a magma chamber. How deep this chamber is affects how strong a volcanic eruption can be. Usually, (the deeper it is, the stronger the explosion.)

volcanism

All geological activity related to the movement of magma to the Earth's surface (extrusion - volcanites, volcanic rocks, terrestrial surface)

partial melting

takes place because rocks are not pure materials

3 ways of heat transfer

conduction - direct contact

convection - liquid or gases

radiation - electromagnetic waves

radiogenic

new heat (from radioactive decay)

Two main mechanisms through which rocks melt

decompression melting

flux melting