Cell Structure and Electron Microscopy - Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on atomic models, electron microscopy, and cell membrane structure.

Oxygen (O)

An element that makes up about 65% of the body's weight; a major component of water and organic molecules.

Orbital model

The atomic model where electrons occupy regions called orbitals around the nucleus, replacing the older circular-atoms view.

Electron microscope

A microscope that uses electron beams to achieve much higher resolution than light microscopes; developed around the 1950s–1960s and reveals fine cellular details such as nuclei.

Nucleus

A membrane-bound organelle containing genetic material; visible in high-detail electron micrographs.

Sample preparation for electron microscopy

The process of fixing and preparing specimens for EM, which kills the sample and prevents movement.

Phospholipid bilayer

The double layer of phospholipids forming the cell membrane; the phospholipid layer is the basis of the membrane.

Carbohydrates (in membranes)

Sugar-containing components attached to lipids or proteins on the membrane (glycolipids/glycoproteins) involved in cell recognition.

Proteins (in membranes)

Membrane proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that mediate transport, signaling, and structural support.

Cell membrane / Plasma membrane

The boundary of the cell formed by the phospholipid bilayer; it interacts with the outside environment and neighboring structures.

Ion

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge; electron movement can create ions.