History of Evolutionary Theory and Evidence for Evolution

These flashcards cover key concepts and figures related to the history and evidence of evolutionary theory as discussed in the lecture.

What is a Scientific Theory?

A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation.

Who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.

What was Lamarck's hypothesis on evolution?

Lamarck proposed that adaptation occurs through the inheritance of changes acquired within an individual’s lifetime.

What does homology refer to in evolutionary biology?

Homology is the similarity between species that results from inheritance of traits from a common ancestor.

What did Darwin's observations on the Galapagos Islands contribute to his theory?

They showed that species varied from island to island, leading him to conclude that species change over time.

What is a transitional form?

A transitional form is an organism that has traits that are intermediate between older and younger species.

What is the significance of the fossil record in supporting evolution?

The fossil record provides evidence of past life forms and shows patterns of change over time, including extinction events and the emergence of new species.

What role did Malthus play in the development of evolutionary theory?

Malthus noted that populations grow geometrically and could outstrip their resources, suggesting that competition and resource limitation shape evolution.

How is evolution evidenced by geographic distributions of species?

Different species are located in distinct geographical areas, yet similarities in these species often indicate common ancestry or similar adaptation processes.

What does the term 'vestigial characteristics' refer to?

Vestigial characteristics are traits that were once useful to an ancestor but no longer serve a significant purpose in the current descendant.