Neuro 342 Drugs and Behavior: Benzodiazepines

psychiatric disorders

- more common in women

What is the most common psychiatric disorder and who is most likely to have it?

- anxiety disorders

- OCD

- PTSD

What are the 3 big classes the DSM classifies anxiety disorders?

- panic episodes

- phobic avoidance

- compulsive behaviors

- negative thinking patterns

How can anxiety be expressed?

emotional response to current threat

What is fear?

concern about possible future events

What is anxiety?

overactive amygdala activity

What does impaired GABA function lead to?

XXXX

There are high concentrations of GABA in which structures of the brain?

pain center

What is the periaqueductal gray matter responsible for?

drugs that relieve anxiety

- release tension and stress

- produce calm and relaxed state

Anxiolytics are what kind of drugs?

- barbiturates

- BDZs

- alcohol

What type of drugs sedative hypnotics and are CNS depressants?

intranasal

Which route of administration is the most common rout for barbiturate abuse?

CYP450

Which enzyme breaks down barbiturate?

metabolic tolerance

- CYP450 enzyme induction

What is a problem with CYP450 and chronic use of barbiturates?

enhance GABA in CNS

- positive allosteric modulator

How do barbiturates work?

Directly open Cl- channels w/out GABA

What channels can barbiturates open?

withdrawal syndrome produce fatal rebound hyperactivity in the brain

Why can't you quit "cold turkey" from chronic use of barbiturates?

- azpam -

What are the suffix endings for BDZs?

more lipid soluble

- reach brain faster

Short acting BDZs are more lipid soluble or less lipid soluble?

metabolize in 1 step into inactive metabolites

How are short acting BDZs metabolized?

~ 12 hours

What is the half life of Ativan(lorazepam) a short acting BDZ?

metabolized into multiple steps

- produce active metabolite

How are long acting BDZs metabolized?

false

True or false BDZs use CYP450 enzyme?

positive allosteric modulator of GABA A receptor

- enhance GABA A

What are benzodiazepines?

- BZ1 receptor binding site

- BZ2 receptor binding site

What are the two benzodiazepines receptor binding sites?

What is the BZ2 receptor binding site involved in?

What is the BZ2 receptor binding site involved in?

increase of mesolimbic DA release

-

How is dependence and reinforcement of BDZs happen?

powerful BDZ(10x more potent than valium)

- date rape drug

What are roofies?

~ 30 minutes

- last for hours

What are the onset effects of and how long doest it last for?

~ 20 hours

What is the half life of roofies?

7-aminoflunitrazepam

What is the metabolite of roofies?

effects are potentiated

- blackout/amnesia

- sedation and loss of muscle control

What happens when roofies are taken w/ alcohol?