Intro to Western Art History - Exam 3

Daguerreotype

A unique photograph fixed on a silver-coated copper plate, cased under glass. View of the Boulevard du Temple

Pointillism

Resulting from Neo-Impressionism; in painting, applying dabs of color, either short strokes or dots, of uniform size. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

Cypress

A type of tree symbolizing death and darkness in art. Starry Night

Nocturne

A musical composition, typically of a dreamy nature. Can represent night. Nocturn in Black and Gold

Dada

Art that rebelled against established standards in art. Its artist had a focus on political and social change. Believed that art should have a purpose. Staircase (No.22)

Surrealism

Artistic movement inspired by Freudian psychology, dreams, and the subconscious. Dream-like and hallucinatory. Apparition of Face and Fruit Dish on a Beach

Symbolism

A movement in European art and literature, that conveyed meaning by the use of powerful yet ambiguous symbols. And that Eyes without Heads Were Floating Like Mollusks

Impressionism

Style in art done without extensive prep work, used bright colors, and broken brushwork. Captured momentary effects of light, atmosphere, and color. An emphasis on spontaneity, Boulevard des Capucines

Cubism

A style of art in which people, places, and things are simplified into flat, geometric shapes, often seen from multiple points of view. The Portuguese.

Facture

In art, the characteristic way a particular artist handles paint. The Pool of London has a unique facture. 

Calotype

The first practical negative-positive photograph process; uses paper for both the negative and positive print. 

Camera Obscura

A precursor of the modern camera, a light-proof box with a small hole in one side through which an inverted image of the world outside is projected onto an opposite wall. 

Fauvism

A group of artists whose paintings used vivid colors for expressive effect, liberated from naturalistic description. The Green Line

Futurism

An art movement that emphasized modernity, speed, technology, and the power of machines. Mostly male centered. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. 

Romanticism

A movement in European culture, concerned with the power of the imagination, and valuing intense feeling. The Nightmare.

Rückenfigur

A person in the foreground of an image facing away from the viewer, inviting the viewer to experience the person’s perspective and emotional reaction. Moonrise Over the Sea.

the Sublime

An art form connected with experiences of grandeur, vastness, or power that inspire awe, terror, or other strong emotions. Tiger Surprising an Antelope.

Aesthetic Movement

A loose association of artists and writers, who advocated that the arts should be judged by artistic standards only, not by political, moral, or social ones. James Abbot McNeill Whistler

Avant-Garde

An emphasis in modern art on artistic innovation, which challenged accepted values, traditions, and techniques. Olympia

Plein-air

Refers to the practice of painting out of doors. Moulin de la Galette

Impasto

The texture produced by paint applied very thickly. Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer)

Manifesto

In art, a public declaration of an artist’s or an artistic movement’s intentions, motives, and aims.

Industrial Design

The application of aesthetic and functional criteria to the design of products that are to be manufactured through machine techniques. Kandem bedside-table lamp

Bauhaus

An innovative school of art, architecture, and design. Was focused and had enormous influence on modern design, architecture, and education.

Photomontage

A composition made using fragments of photographs, sometimes combined with other two-dimensional elements, pasted into new configurations. Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany

Biomorphic

Forms in abstract art characterized by free-flowing curves, echoing organic rather than geometric shapes. Throwing a Stone at a Bird.

Ukiyo-e

Pictures of the floating world; refers to paintings and especially woodblock prints that take as their subject matter the pleasures and sites of Edo Japan, including Kabuki theater, courtesans, and places of leisure and travel. The Nakadaya Tea-House